Complications of myocardial infarction

Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
Updated on September 22, 2024
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Myocardial infarction is a more serious disease of the heart. Suffering from myocardial infarction can cause significant harm to the body and, in severe cases, can be life-threatening. If not properly treated, it can lead to various complications. The most common complications include arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, rupture of the ventricular wall, papillary muscle rupture, and ventricular septal perforation. Therefore, once a myocardial infarction occurs, it is crucial to actively perform rescue operations and treatments to prevent the occurrence of these complications.

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Symptoms of myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction is a relatively common disease in daily life, and it also poses a serious threat to people's health and safety. The symptoms of a myocardial infarction mainly include the following aspects: First, severe chest pain, which is often the most common symptom of myocardial infarction, typically feels like a crushing sensation or is accompanied by a feeling of impending doom. Second, symptoms of heart failure, which, when myocardial infarction is complicated by heart failure, often manifest as difficulty breathing and profuse sweating. Third, symptoms of arrhythmia, which, when myocardial infarction is complicated by arrhythmia, often presents with symptoms like palpitations and dizziness.

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How is myocardial infarction treated?

Myocardial infarction is a relatively common critical illness in our daily lives. Many patients often delay their condition severely due to untimely treatment, which becomes an important cause of disability and death. So how should myocardial infarction be treated? It should be treated from the following two aspects: First, acute myocardial infarction. For acute myocardial infarction, it is necessary to promptly open the occluded blood vessels, restore cardiac perfusion, and save viable myocardium. This can be achieved through emergency interventional treatment or thrombolytic therapy. Second, old myocardial infarction. At this time, treatment mainly involves taking oral aspirin and statins to stabilize the disease and prevent the condition from worsening or deteriorating. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a professional doctor.)

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How to treat atrial myocardial infarction?

Atrial myocardial infarction is also a type of myocardial infarction. Isolated atrial myocardial infarction is relatively rare and often coexists with ventricular infarction. Therefore, the treatment principles for myocardial infarction are essentially the same, focusing on promptly improving myocardial ischemia, myocardial necrosis, and the long-term prognosis of the patient. The treatment mainly includes: first, reperfusion therapy, which involves thrombolysis for ST-segment elevation cases, stent placement for most patients, and bypass surgery for a small number of patients. The second aspect is secondary prevention and treatment, including antiplatelet therapy, blood pressure control, blood sugar management, diet, exercise, and other comprehensive treatments. The peculiarity of atrial myocardial infarction is that some patients may experience atrial fibrillation, thus some of these patients may require treatment to control ventricular rate.

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How is myocardial infarction treated?

Myocardial infarction is a common and frequently occurring severe emergency condition in clinical practice. If not effectively treated, myocardial infarction can lead to serious complications that jeopardize life, and thus it requires effective treatment. Currently, there are various clinical treatment methods for myocardial infarction, including medication, intravascular stent implantation, and coronary artery bypass surgery among others. Based on the patient's constitution and the characteristics of the blood vessels, an effective treatment method should be selected under the guidance of a doctor to save the patient's life and improve the quality of life post-treatment.

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The difference between acute myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction, characterized by sudden onset, involves persistent angina, profuse sweating, a sense of impending doom, difficulty breathing, and chest tightness. Myocardial infarction, also known as heart attack, refers actually to the same condition and there is no difference between them. Once a myocardial infarction occurs, the patient should immediately go to the hospital for medical attention. Diagnostic tests such as an electrocardiogram, cardiac ultrasound, coronary CT, and coronary angiography should be conducted. These tests help determine the extent, severity, and location of the infarction, understand the degree of narrowing of the vessel, and develop a treatment plan to save the patient's life.