Can teratoma affect menstruation?

Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on January 17, 2025
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The majority of teratomas do not have endocrine functions and will not affect menstrual cycles. If there is a delay in menstruation, the first step is to check for pregnancy. If menstruation is delayed for two weeks, pregnancy should be ruled out, and interventions might be necessary, such as an ultrasound to examine the endometrium or a progesterone withdrawal test. Teratomas do not cause menstrual delays unless a very small number of them have endocrine issues. However, these would not suddenly change the menstrual cycle but would potentially cause long-term endocrine changes from the time the teratoma is discovered.

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Written by Li Shun Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Can women with ovarian teratomas have children?

Ovarian teratomas, if discovered after pregnancy, do not significantly impact the child; however, it's crucial to confirm that the ovarian teratoma is benign. If detected during pregnancy, close observation is possible, and sudden lower abdominal pain may indicate ovarian torsion, which requires timely surgical intervention. If there are no symptoms, surgery can wait until after the child is born. If an ovarian teratoma is discovered before pregnancy, it is advisable to undergo surgery before becoming pregnant because ovarian teratomas can sometimes be malignant, and torsion may occur during pregnancy, which could affect the child.

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Written by Yan Qiao
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How large must an ovarian teratoma be to require surgery?

Ovarian teratomas, if detected by ultrasound, are indicative of surgery regardless of the size of the tumor. However, it is essential to locate the lesion accurately to proceed with the surgery. For teratomas smaller than two centimeters, it can be quite challenging to find the lesion, which might lead to surgical failure. Additionally, this can increase the trauma for the patient and the costs of surgery. Thus, it is generally advised to perform surgery on teratomas that are larger than two centimeters to ensure a more reliable outcome. In cases where patients have other diseases in conjunction with a teratoma, it is also feasible to consider removing the teratoma during surgery for the other conditions, always attempting to thoroughly explore and locate the teratoma regardless of its size.

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Written by Zhao Xiao Dong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Why does pressing on a teratoma hurt?

Teratoma pain is often caused by torsion of the teratoma, which is prone to twisting, especially after vigorous exercise or sexual intercourse. Teratoma torsion typically presents as lower abdominal pain, and physical examination of the teratoma site will show significant tenderness, and even rebound pain. In such cases, emergency surgery is generally required to perform a teratoma excision. If the torsion is too severe and there is obvious ovarian necrosis, a unilateral adnexectomy must be performed, and the ovary cannot be preserved. However, this is relatively rare, and in most cases of teratoma torsion, the ovary can be preserved.

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Written by Du Rui Xia
Obstetrics
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Does teratoma affect fetal development?

Teratomas are not normal fetuses; they are a type of tumor originating from germ cells in the ovaries. Pregnancy will not affect the normal development of the baby, and regular prenatal check-ups at the hospital are advisable. If it is possible to surgically remove the teratoma before trying to conceive, it is best to do so. Teratomas can be benign or malignant. Benign teratomas contain various components, including skin, hair, teeth, and bones. Malignant teratomas are poorly differentiated and more prone to malignant transformations and metastasis.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Why does a teratoma have hair?

Mature teratomas contain lipids, hair, and even bone and other tissue structures within the tumor cavity. The main reason for this is that teratomas are composed of cells from multiple embryonic layers. These embryonic layer cells can develop in different directions, further developing into tissues such as hair, lipids, or bones. Therefore, during surgical procedures, it is common to find hair within the teratoma.