Rectal prolapse and hemorrhoids are two different diseases. Rectal prolapse refers to the condition where the rectal mucosa, or sometimes the entire rectal wall, prolapses downwards during defecation, prolonged standing, or fatigue, especially in severe cases. Hemorrhoids, on the other hand, involve the prolapse of vascular cushions and anal padding, sometimes accompanied by symptoms like rectal bleeding. The causes, mechanisms, pathology, symptoms, and treatment methods of these two conditions are distinct, making rectal prolapse and hemorrhoids two separate diseases.