How does a cold spread?

Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
Updated on November 05, 2024
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The common cold is a very common clinical disease, caused by a viral infection that is somewhat contagious. So, how is the common cold transmitted? On one hand, it can spread through the respiratory tract; for example, cold sufferers through sneezing, coughing, and other methods can produce droplets containing the cold virus. When these droplets are inhaled by healthy individuals, they can become infected. Additionally, if everyday items are contaminated by the cold virus, other people can come into contact with the virus by touching these items. If they do not wash their hands afterwards, they can also become infected with the cold virus through contact.

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Written by Hu Bai Yu
Pulmonology
1min 2sec home-news-image

What are wind-cold common cold and wind-heat common cold?

Wind-cold colds are primarily caused by exposure to wind and cold air, typically presenting symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, or coughing up white phlegm. Wind-heat colds, on the other hand, are caused by heat and typically manifest symptoms like headaches, fever, coughing up yellow phlegm, and sore, swollen throat. It is advisable to differentiate between these two types of colds. Both wind-cold and wind-heat colds require treatment under a doctor's guidance, using appropriate anti-cold medicine. For wind-cold colds, anti-inflammatory medicines can be used. For wind-heat colds, medicines that clear heat, detoxify, and reduce inflammation can be employed to alleviate symptoms. Regular physical exercise, which strengthens the constitution and enhances resistance, is recommended to help alleviate symptoms of a cold and facilitate recovery.

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Written by Wang Chun Mei
Pulmonology
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Do you still need to take cold medicine for a cough in the later stages of a cold?

Patients with colds are generally caused by viral infections and are often self-limiting diseases, usually recovering completely within about a week. In a minority of patients, different degrees of cough may occur later on. For such cases, where there is throat itchiness and varying degrees of dryness in the throat, or even cough symptoms, it is generally not necessary to continue with cold medicine. Instead, antiviral medications and throat-clearing drugs can be used for symptomatic treatment to relieve the cough that appears later. As for the later cough, if it is a dry cough, use some cough suppressants. If there is phlegm with the cough, appropriate cough suppressants should also be used, along with antibiotics for symptomatic treatment, to provide relief. However, the use of cold medicines that relieve nasal congestion and runny nose is generally not advised at this stage.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
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Sore throat without cold symptoms

If it is just a simple sore throat without any other cold symptoms, it could possibly be due to an early stage cold, acute pharyngitis, acute laryngitis, acute tonsillitis, or acute epiglottitis. Some patients may also experience neurogenic pain in the throat area. Overall, there are many possible causes, and it's hard to determine based solely on symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended to visit an ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialist, who can perform an indirect laryngoscopy or a fiber optic laryngoscopy to clearly observe the specific condition and location of the disease within the throat. Additionally, a complete blood count test can be helpful in determining whether there is an acute bacterial or viral infection causing inflammation. If there is an acute infection causing inflammation, antibiotic treatment may be considered, along with regular follow-ups.

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Written by Li Xue Qing
Gastroenterology
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What are the symptoms of a stomach cold?

Gastrointestinal flu primarily manifests symptoms of both the common cold and the gastrointestinal tract, predominantly with gastrointestinal symptoms, accompanied by symptoms of a cold, such as fever, headache, dizziness, and general body aches. The gastrointestinal symptoms mainly include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Severe diarrhea and vomiting can lead to significant loss of electrolytes and water in the body, causing shock and electrolyte imbalances. This may present as shock, sweating all over the body, profuse sweating, pale complexion, and arrhythmias, among others.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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How to care for a baby with a cold in the summer

If a baby catches a cold in the summer, it is essential to take care of them by avoiding cross-infection. Additionally, pay attention to how the baby is dressed. If someone in the house has a cold, they should minimize contact with the baby and avoid sneezing, coughing, or kissing the baby to prevent cross-infection. Dressing the baby should be moderate during a summer cold; it's not about wearing more layers. The clothing should make sure the baby’s neck or chest and abdomen are warm without causing sweating. Keep the baby away from crowded places and, if possible, have them stay at home. If air conditioning is used, ensure to ventilate the room by opening windows 1-2 times a day, and keep the baby away from direct drafts. If the baby experiences nasal congestion or tends to choke while feeding due to the cold, it is crucial to avoid lying them down flat immediately after feeding. Instead, hold the baby upright or slightly elevate their head to prevent choking and worsening of the condition.