How to test for AIDS and syphilis?

Written by Xie Ming Feng
Dermatology
Updated on September 25, 2024
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If you have engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors, or suspect that you might have contracted HIV or syphilis for any other reason, then it is necessary to go to a qualified hospital in a timely manner for blood tests to check for syphilis antibodies, syphilis titers, and HIV antibodies. If the syphilis antibody test is positive and the titer is high, timely treatment should be sought. If the HIV antibody test is positive, then it is necessary to visit a disease control center or a medical institution designated by the government for further confirmatory tests to either rule out or confirm HIV infection.

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Written by Zhu Zhu
Dermatology
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What are the symptoms of tertiary syphilis?

Tertiary syphilis belongs to the latest stage of syphilis. If a patient develops tertiary syphilis, their symptoms are generally very severe, mainly involving the skin, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and even the nervous system. In particular, when the nervous system is involved, symptoms such as drowsiness and confusion may occur. Cardiovascular involvement can lead to related cardiovascular symptoms, and if the musculoskeletal system is affected, symptoms generally appear in the bones.

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Written by Luo Hong
Dermatology Department
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Can syphilis be completely cured?

Syphilis can generally be completely cured nowadays, except neurosyphilis which is somewhat harder to treat, as ordinary syphilis is curable and neurosyphilis may relapse occasionally. However, most current cases of syphilis fall into categories of latent, primary, or secondary syphilis. Tertiary syphilis is less common, and forms such as neurosyphilis and osteal syphilis belong to this stage. Therefore, when treated at a regular hospital with a standard treatment regimen, primarily using penicillin, administered as a long-acting intramuscular injection once a week, the recommended course of treatment usually consists of three to four weeks. If there is an allergy to penicillin, doxycycline can be used as an oral substitute for half a month.

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Written by Li Chang Yue
General Surgery
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Is there a high possibility of syphilis with enlarged inguinal lymph nodes?

Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes generally suggest the possibility of syphilis, but such enlargement caused by syphilis commonly appears in the secondary or tertiary stages of the disease. In the early primary stage of syphilis, it is rare to see swollen inguinal lymph nodes; the symptoms are mostly seen on the external genitals, including soft and hard chancres. As syphilis progresses, it may gradually lead to swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes, including other superficial lymph nodes. However, enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes alone cannot conclusively determine that the cause is syphilis. Other conditions such as bacterial lymphadenitis, lymph node tuberculosis, or lymphoma could also cause swollen inguinal lymph nodes. Therefore, to diagnose whether it is caused by syphilis, it is crucial to consider the results of syphilis serological tests and specific pathological puncture findings.

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Written by Huang Ling Juan
Dermatology
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What are the early symptoms of syphilis in men?

Early symptoms of syphilis in men may include small papules, with the characteristic lesion of early syphilis being a chancre. From the infection with the syphilis spirochete to the appearance of skin symptoms, it usually takes about three weeks on average. The syphilis chancre in men is typically found on the genitals, though a minority may appear in the mouth. The earliest form of a chancre is a solitary papule, which gradually develops into a round or oval-shaped ulcer. The ulcer has clear boundaries, slightly raised edges, and a clean base, feeling firm like cartilage to the touch, without significant pain. When a chancre appears, if a secondary bacterial infection occurs, pain may arise. Men infected with syphilis must seek early treatment as early-stage syphilis can be completely cured.

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Written by Zhai Yu Juan
Dermatology Department
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Is syphilis contagious?

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with the syphilis spirochete. After infection, the pathogen can invade various organs throughout the body, causing a variety of symptoms. As a classic sexually transmitted disease, syphilis is contagious, with its main routes of transmission being through sexual contact, mother-to-child transmission, and also through close contact, such as kissing, or the use of daily items from a syphilis patient, such as towels, razors, cutlery, etc. If syphilis is not treated, its infectivity gradually decreases over time.