The causes and specific mechanisms of primary liver cancer are not yet very clear; its development is a complex process involving multiple factors and steps, influenced by various aspects such as environment and diet. Primary liver cancer is associated with chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, aflatoxin, contaminated drinking water, and alcoholic cirrhosis, among other factors. Particularly, hepatocellular carcinoma has a significant association with hepatitis B, and most patients may also have a history of chronic hepatitis B.