Rickets, fully termed as nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets, is a chronic systemic nutritional disease characterized by epiphyseal lesions, caused by insufficient vitamin D in children, leading to disordered calcium and phosphate metabolism. The main causes of the disease include insufficient perinatal vitamin D, particularly during the prenatal and postnatal periods, as well as factors like severe maternal malnutrition, liver and kidney diseases, chronic diarrhea, prematurity, and having twins, which may lead to inadequate levels of vitamin D storage in the body. Additionally, insufficient sunlight exposure, such as children spending prolonged periods indoors, blocks sunlight, as ultraviolet rays cannot pass through glass. Ultraviolet light aids in the synthesis of endogenous vitamin D; lack of exposure can also reduce vitamin D levels. Another factor is rapid growth rates, and fourthly, insufficient dietary supplementation of vitamin D along with some diseases that affect the absorption of vitamin D, like gastrointestinal or liver and biliary diseases.