What is the cause of pericardial effusion with persistent high fever?

Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
Updated on September 19, 2024
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If the patient presents with pericardial effusion and experiences elevated body temperature, it may indicate the presence of an infection, suggesting that the symptoms are worsening. Currently, the treatment for pericardial effusion primarily involves puncture, fluid extraction, and laboratory analysis. If the pericardial effusion is severe or abundant, fever may occur. Since fever is an indicator of inflammation, it is necessary to use antibiotics for active treatment in order to control this condition. If the body temperature continues to rise, sometimes it is also necessary to use antipyretic drugs to alleviate the symptoms. Persistent high fever indicates that the condition has become very serious, signaling that the infection indices are extremely severe.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Is pericardial effusion related to diet?

If a patient often experiences pericardial effusion, it is recommended that they visit a hospital for a cardiac echocardiogram, as this pericardial effusion is necessarily connected to the heart. Although it is not greatly related to diet, if the patient enjoys eating salty foods, it can still have a certain impact. It is advised to choose a diet low in salt, fat, and sugar, especially limiting sodium intake, because consuming too much salt can exacerbate fluid and sodium retention, leading to pericardial effusion. Currently, treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment, and early use of medications. Diuretics can be used to help alleviate the patient's current condition.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Why does pericardial effusion cause difficulty in breathing?

Pericardial effusion primarily manifests as palpitations, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. Sometimes, pericardial effusion can exacerbate heart failure. Once heart failure is alleviated, these symptoms can also subside. Currently, it appears that pericardial effusion mainly presents as palpitations, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing, which are related to diet and fatigue, especially after exercise. This increase in myocardial oxygen consumption can lead to heart failure, resulting in difficulty breathing, particularly exertional dyspnea. At this point, it is necessary to provide low-flow oxygen inhalation and improve the patient's cardiopulmonary function, which is also helpful. It is still necessary to actively treat pericardial effusion. The treatment mainly involves diagnostic aspiration of the fluid. If the pericardial effusion is caused by inflammation, it can be treated with antibiotics.

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Written by Cai Li E
Cardiology
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Why does pericardial effusion cause abnormal pulses?

Pulsus paradoxus refers to a condition where the pulse weakens significantly or disappears during inhalation, caused by a decrease in the left ventricular stroke volume. Normally, the strength of the pulse is not affected by the respiratory cycle. However, when cardiac tamponade, significant pericardial effusion, or constrictive pericarditis occurs, inhalation can restrict the relaxation of the right heart, leading to a reduced volume of blood returning to the heart and affecting the right heart’s output. Consequently, the amount of blood the right ventricle pumps into the pulmonary circulation is reduced. Furthermore, the pulmonary circulation is affected by the negative thoracic pressure during inhalation, causing pulmonary vessels to dilate and reducing the volume of blood returning from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Therefore, the output of the left heart also decreases. These factors lead to a weakened pulse during inhalation, which can sometimes be imperceptible, also known as pulsus paradoxus. This condition can be identified by a significant drop in systolic pressure by more than 10mmHg during inhalation compared to exhalation.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Can pericardial effusion cause facial swelling?

If a patient has a history of pericardial effusion, this condition may present with eyelid edema. Because cardiac tamponade can cause the patient to experience sodium and water retention, this retention can manifest as eyelid edema, as well as edema in both lower limbs. In cases where the volume of pericardial effusion is substantial, surgical treatment, such as aspiration for fluid extraction, may sometimes be necessary. For minor and smaller volumes of pericardial effusion, the effusion can be absorbed on its own, with symptomatic treatment being the main approach. Eyelid edema can occur with pericardial effusion, and active treatment should be pursued. Using medications to improve symptoms can provide relief.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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What position should be taken for pericardial effusion?

If the patient is diagnosed with pericardial effusion, it is generally recommended that the patient remain in a semi-recumbent position, or with legs dangling, to reduce cardiac load and improve symptoms. This is because the main complication of pericardial effusion is the occurrence of myocardial ischemia, or myocardial necrosis. Additionally, the primary treatment for pericardial effusion is still based on pericardiocentesis to improve cardiac function. During this period, it is also essential to actively monitor changes in the patient's blood pressure. If the patient's blood pressure is too high, antihypertensive medications should be used. Generally, a semi-recumbent position is still recommended for patients with pericardial effusion.