What will happen if there is too much pericardial effusion?

Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
Updated on September 03, 2024
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If a patient has an excessive amount of pericardial effusion, symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing can occur. Currently, the treatment primarily focuses on symptomatic relief. If there is excessive pericardial effusion, symptoms such as chest tightness, palpitations, and difficulty breathing may occur. I personally suggest going to the hospital for a cardiac echocardiogram to further confirm the diagnosis and determine the treatment plan. For simple pericardial effusion, if the amount is relatively small, it can be temporarily observed without treatment. However, for cases with excessive pericardial effusion, it is necessary to perform a pericardiocentesis to remove the fluid and improve cardiac function. During this period, it is still necessary to actively monitor the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse changes, and address any rapid heart rate.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Can pericardial effusion cause fever?

Pericardial effusion can sometimes cause fever. If the patient has a fever, it may indicate a poor prognosis and suggest the presence of an infection. In such cases, antibiotics should be used for treatment, along with measures to reduce the fever. If the effusion is caused by other diseases, it is still necessary to actively treat the underlying condition. Currently, for pericardial effusion, if the volume of the effusion is small, it can be absorbed by the body itself. However, if there is a large amount of effusion, the patient might experience symptoms like chest tightness, palpitations, and difficulty breathing. In such cases, it may be necessary to perform a puncture for fluid drainage and examination. If fever occurs during this period, indicating an infection, anti-inflammatory medications should be used for treatment. If necessary, corticosteroid medications might also be needed.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Is pericardial effusion hereditary?

Pericardial effusion is not hereditary. Pericardial effusion is not a genetic disease, and the causes of pericardial effusion are often acquired factors. For example, tuberculosis infection can cause tuberculous pericarditis, leading to pericardial effusion. Symptoms often include unexplained low-grade fever, cough, and night sweats, with a PPD test often showing a rigid change. Pericardial effusion caused by heart failure often presents with repeated exertional dyspnea, accompanied by limb edema. Cardiac ultrasound often reveals changes in the heart structure, such as cardiac enlargement and reduced cardiac pumping function. Additionally, hypoalbuminemia and tumors can also cause pericardial effusion, but these factors are not related to genetics.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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What position should be taken for pericardial effusion?

If the patient is diagnosed with pericardial effusion, it is generally recommended that the patient remain in a semi-recumbent position, or with legs dangling, to reduce cardiac load and improve symptoms. This is because the main complication of pericardial effusion is the occurrence of myocardial ischemia, or myocardial necrosis. Additionally, the primary treatment for pericardial effusion is still based on pericardiocentesis to improve cardiac function. During this period, it is also essential to actively monitor changes in the patient's blood pressure. If the patient's blood pressure is too high, antihypertensive medications should be used. Generally, a semi-recumbent position is still recommended for patients with pericardial effusion.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Can pericardial effusion cause chest pain?

Pericardial effusion can cause chest pain because patients with pericardial effusion have limited cardiac diastolic expansion, resulting in a restricted blood volume during the cardiac diastolic phase. This ultimately causes reduced cardiac pumping, leading to symptoms of ischemia and hypoxia, such as chest tightness or chest pain. Furthermore, as the amount of pericardial effusion decreases, for example from moderate or large volumes to a small amount, chest pain symptoms can also occur. This is because when the volume of pericardial effusion significantly reduces, there can often be friction between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium, thereby triggering chest pain. This condition is often accompanied by a pericardial friction rub, which can be felt by touching the precordial area.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Should fluid intake be controlled for pericardial effusion?

Whether pericardial effusion requires control of water intake depends on the cause of the pericardial effusion, as there are many reasons for it, such as heart failure, tuberculous pericarditis, tumors, and hypoproteinemia. Pericardial effusion caused by heart failure requires water intake restriction, as excessive drinking can aggravate the symptoms of heart failure. However, for pericardial effusion caused by tuberculosis or tumors, water intake does not significantly affect the pericardial effusion, so there is no need to deliberately control water consumption. Patients with pericardial effusion should quit smoking and avoid alcohol in their daily lives, as smoking and drinking can exacerbate the symptoms of pericardial effusion. Additionally, patients should not overexert themselves.