Is tuberculosis serious?

Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
Updated on November 25, 2024
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Tuberculosis is a relatively serious disease, but if it is treated and managed promptly in the early stages, it often can be brought under control and most cases can completely recover. If the disease is allowed to progress unchecked, it can develop from ordinary tuberculosis into an especially severe form of the disease, even endangering life and leading to extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The severity of tuberculosis depends largely on the extent of damage to the lungs and whether there is extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Once tuberculosis is confirmed, scientifically sound and appropriate anti-tuberculosis treatment should be undertaken.

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Written by Wang Xiang Yu
Pulmonology
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How to test for tuberculosis

To examine pulmonary tuberculosis, it is essential to understand that it pertains to tuberculosis changes in the lung tissue, airways, bronchi, and pleura. The pathogen causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, also known as the tubercle bacillus. There are multiple tests available for people with pulmonary tuberculosis, as the disease can vary based on location and type. Therefore, such patients generally require numerous tests. The most commonly used are imaging studies for the chest, including X-rays and CT scans. In imaging studies, most patients will show some lesions, but there are instances where tuberculosis in the airways and bronchi might not be clearly visible on CT or X-rays, necessitating more invasive tests like bronchoscopy. Additionally, bacteriological examinations, such as sputum smear and pleural fluid smear, as well as culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are typically conducted for patients. Nowadays, hospitals equipped with the necessary facilities conduct molecular biological tests, namely nucleic acid testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA. Furthermore, some patients with complex conditions may require a histopathological biopsy, commonly referred to as tissue sampling, at the site of the lesion to observe under a microscope for characteristic changes indicative of tuberculosis. There are also immunological tests that assist in diagnosing tuberculosis, such as the gamma interferon release assay (commonly known as the T-SPOT), tuberculin skin test, and traditional antibody tests against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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How is tuberculosis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of tuberculosis primarily involves combining relevant clinical symptoms, such as whether there is cough, expectoration, low fever, night sweats, and blood in phlegm. It also requires considering the patient's chest imaging features, whether there is obvious infection, fresh exudation, cavities, as well as sputum tests. For example, if the sputum stain for acid-fast bacilli is positive, and the sputum culture is positive, using these comprehensive diagnostic methods, tuberculosis can be diagnosed, after which anti-tuberculosis treatment should be initiated.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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Can tuberculosis be cured?

Tuberculosis can actually be completely cured, primarily through anti-tuberculosis treatment. If it is confirmed to be active tuberculosis, systematic and standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment is required. Through scientific and reasonable anti-tuberculosis treatment and taking medication on time and according to guidelines, most tuberculosis patients can be cured, with a cure rate reaching 85%. The treatment includes an intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment and a consolidation phase, with the total course of treatment being about six months. After being cured, it is not easy to relapse, but it is essential to take medications on time, adjust nutrition, modify work and rest schedules, and rest well.

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Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
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How is tuberculosis treated?

The treatment of tuberculosis generally involves two aspects: etiological treatment and symptomatic management. Etiological treatment targets the tuberculosis bacteria with medication. Modern anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy regimens are quite mature, employing strategies such as early and combined use, appropriate dosing, regular administration, and full-course treatment, which result in a very high cure rate. Additionally, there is symptomatic management, for example, cough suppressants for patients with a cough, expectorants for those with excessive sputum, antipyretics if there is fever depending on the situation, and hemostatic drugs for patients coughing up blood, among others. The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is comprehensive and must be conducted under the guidance of a physician. It is crucial not to interrupt treatment casually to avoid affecting the effectiveness of the therapy, increasing the recurrence rate, and the emergence of drug resistance.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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Is tuberculosis contagious?

Actually, not all cases of tuberculosis are contagious; only those in which tuberculosis bacteria can be found in the sputum are infectious. Many cases are non-infectious. Among all cases of active tuberculosis, only about 30% have detectable tuberculosis bacteria in their sputum. The remaining 70% do not have detectable tuberculosis bacteria and thus are not contagious. Whether tuberculosis is contagious or not, once the diagnosis of tuberculosis is confirmed, scientific and rational comprehensive anti-tuberculosis treatment is required.