Aplastic anemia is caused by how?

Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 05, 2024
00:00
00:00

The etiology of aplastic anemia is unclear. A more classical theory is the seed, soil, and bug theory. The seed theory suggests that patients with this condition have reduced hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, leading to bone marrow failure. The soil theory refers to abnormal microenvironments in the bone marrow of patients, which leads to an abnormal growth environment for stem cells and consequently hematopoietic disturbances. The bug theory, which is commonly referred to in clinical settings as immune dysfunction, plays a major role in the etiology of this condition.

Other Voices

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
52sec home-news-image

Is aplastic anemia serious?

Whether aplastic anemia is severe depends on the specific circumstances of the aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia can be divided into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Among them, acute aplastic anemia has a sudden onset, more severe clinical symptoms, and a higher mortality rate, so it is relatively more severe. Chronic aplastic anemia has a slower onset, and the degree of decrease in blood cells is relatively mild, also making it less severe. However, in cases of acute aplastic anemia, if intensive immunotherapy is administered, the effectiveness can reach 60%-70%, and it can be cured through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
41sec home-news-image

What medicine is used for aplastic anemia?

The main drugs used for aplastic anemia are immunosuppressants and cyclosporine. In addition to cyclosporine, low doses of hormones, androgens, and traditional Chinese medicine can also be used to stimulate bone marrow hematopoiesis. If the medication is effective, continue with oral administration; if ineffective, further consideration of bone marrow transplantation is needed. During the treatment process, it is necessary to regularly review the routine blood tests and, if necessary, provide support treatment with red blood cell and platelet transfusions.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhang Xiao Le
Hematology
59sec home-news-image

The differences between aplastic anemia and megaloblastic anemia.

Aplastic anemia is a type of bone marrow failure syndrome where patients can present with reduced total blood cells in the peripheral blood, without enlargement of the liver, spleen, or lymph nodes, and an increased ratio of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Bone marrow indicates low regeneration, reduced hematopoietic tissue, and increased non-hematopoietic tissue, with the condition arising from changes in the bone marrow microenvironment leading to a reduction in blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia, also known as nutritional anemia, is primarily caused by a lack of folate and vitamin B12, leading to a red blood cell synthesis disorder and resulting in anemia. Severe megaloblastic anemia can also present with reduced total blood cells. However, the red blood cells typically exhibit macrocytic anemia. In contrast, aplastic anemia generally presents with normocytic anemia.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
59sec home-news-image

What medicine is used to treat aplastic anemia?

Aplastic anemia is divided into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Patients with acute aplastic anemia require intensified immunotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a sibling match. Intensified immunotherapy involves the simultaneous use of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine. The main treatments for chronic aplastic anemia are immunosuppressive therapy and stimulative hematopoiesis therapy. Immunotherapy primarily involves oral administration of cyclosporine; stimulative hematopoiesis therapy may include oral administration of Chinese patent medicines such as Zao Zeng Xue Pian, and danazol, an anabolic steroid. (Medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor based on the specific circumstances.)

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
52sec home-news-image

How long can one live with aplastic anemia?

The lifespan of patients with aplastic anemia depends on the type and the effectiveness of the treatment. Aplastic anemia is classified into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. In cases of acute aplastic anemia, cure is possible through intensified immunotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; however, without aggressive treatment, the survival period is relatively short, generally not exceeding one year. Chronic aplastic anemia, on the other hand, has a longer medical history, and patients can often live for ten to twenty years or more. However, throughout this period, ongoing transfusions of red blood cells and platelets are required to support treatment.