How is encephalitis in children treated?

Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

Updated on September 03, 2024

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Encephalitis in children is generally treated based on the cause of the infection. It could be caused by viral infections, bacterial infections, or other pathogens. The most basic treatment is definitely to address the cause of the encephalitis. If there are other symptoms such as fever or seizures, symptomatic treatment should be administered based on these symptoms. The treatment plan should be tailored to the specific condition of the child.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

42sec

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What to do with pediatric encephalitis

If a child develops encephalitis, it is definitely recommended that they be hospitalized for treatment. It is necessary to assess their condition and determine the cause of the encephalitis: is it viral? Bacterial? Or caused by other pathogens? If encephalitis occurs, aggressive treatment is certainly required. In such cases, if the child is discharged from the hospital, they must regularly revisit the hospital for follow-up examinations, and the development of the child's nervous system must be monitored, focusing on motor and cognitive development. Regular assessments at the hospital are definitely required.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

46sec

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Is encephalitis serious?

The severity of encephalitis varies greatly among individuals. Some mild cases of encephalitis, even with some degree of self-healing, do not require special treatment. For example, encephalitis caused by some enteroviruses and respiratory viruses has a very good recovery, and it is only necessary to prevent complications. However, some types of encephalitis are very dangerous and can even threaten the life of the patient. For instance, herpes simplex virus encephalitis can cause necrosis of the cerebral cortex, leading to high fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and even epileptic seizures, psychiatric symptoms, and a significant increase in intracranial pressure, requiring urgent treatment.

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Written by Tang Bo

Neurology

42sec

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How is a brain encephalitis puncture performed?

The encephalitis you mentioned is considered a central nervous system infection. In this case, a definitive diagnosis requires a lumbar puncture, which you referred to as a puncture. The lumbar puncture requires the patient to be in the lateral recumbent position, then the puncture is performed in the interspaces between L1-L3 or L4-L5 on the back to collect cerebrospinal fluid and conduct tests. This also allows for the examination of pathogens and pressure measurements. After the lumbar puncture, the patient needs to lie flat for six hours with a pillow removed to prevent headaches due to low cranial pressure.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

53sec

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Does encephalitis cause fever?

If the patient's encephalitis is caused by a viral infection, they usually exhibit fever, often a high fever with temperatures reaching above 39°C, accompanied by significant symptoms such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Some patients may also experience cognitive dysfunction, epileptic seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly, complete examinations such as electroencephalography, lumbar puncture, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging, and timely apply effective antiviral medications. It should be noted that some encephalitis is caused by autoimmune reactions, referred to as autoimmune encephalitis, which is relatively rare clinically. This type of encephalitis generally does not present with fever. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 23sec

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How to relieve headache from encephalitis

Encephalitis is mainly divided into viral encephalitis, bacterial encephalitis, and tubercular meningitis, among others. Encephalitis usually causes patients to experience fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The cause of headaches includes the pain response due to inflammation stimulating the meninges. Moreover, these infections can cause an increase in intracranial pressure, leading to significant symptoms in patients such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. To alleviate headaches, it is important to actively treat the primary disease. This includes administering antiviral drugs for viral infections, and antibiotics for bacterial infections. If the headache is caused by increased intracranial pressure, it is crucial to actively administer dehydrating agents and drugs that lower intracranial pressure to reduce it, thereby relieving the headache. Additionally, the use of glucocorticoids can be combined to manage the treatment, suppress the inflammatory response, and alleviate pain. If the pain is significant, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also be administered to relieve the pain. The treatment of pain in encephalitis is a comprehensive issue that requires addressing the pathogen, dehydration, reduction of intracranial pressure, and symptomatic treatment.