Can funnel chest recover by supplementing with calcium?

Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Updated on April 08, 2025
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There was a time when many parents consulted about calcium supplementation for pectus excavatum, not only many parents but also many doctors in primary hospitals thought that pectus excavatum was caused by a lack of calcium. However, it was found that many children with pectus excavatum are actually very tall and slender. So, can these tall children also be lacking calcium?

In fact, calcium deficiency leads to rickets, where beading deformities form between the hard bones and cartilage of the ribs, appearing on both sides. This beading deformation and the inward, backward indentation of the sternum seen in pectus excavatum are completely different conditions. Pectus excavatum is mostly caused by congenital genetic factors, while calcium deficiency or supplementation relates to an acquired condition. Thus, these congenital and acquired diseases are unrelated, meaning that calcium supplementation has no restorative effect on pectus excavatum.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
1min 26sec home-news-image

Minimally invasive surgery for pectus excavatum

Minimally invasive surgery for pectus excavatum has evolved over the decades, with various surgical methods developing since the most classical NUSS procedure introduced by Donald Nuss in the 1990s. His basic surgical process involves administering general anesthesia to the patient, who is then laid flat on the operating table. A horizontal line is drawn from the deepest part of the depression to the armpit, where one to two small incisions are made under the armpit. The skin is then freed to access the chest cavity, and a steel plate is gradually inserted behind the sternum at its deepest point, after which the depressed sternum is elevated by flipping the plate. Of course, there have been improvements to the NUSS procedure, such as the modified Nuss procedure that reduces the flipping process, thus minimizing the impact and damage to the bones. For instance, ultra-minimally invasive surgeries, which require only a single-port incision, have evolved from the NUSS procedure by reducing or eliminating the need for flipping or an incision. Later, the Wang procedure involved placing the steel plate in front of the sternum, using the principle of a suspension bridge to elevate the depressed sternum. Thus, the evolution of surgery for pectus excavatum continues to advance, with the surgical processes improving, wounds becoming smaller, and the number of incisions decreasing.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Can people with funnel chest work?

Whether pectus excavatum can affect work depends on two aspects. Firstly, if it is a mild case of pectus excavatum, with an index less than 3.25, such mild conditions do not cause significant compression on the heart or lungs, and the patient will not have too many work-related issues. However, if the pectus excavatum index is greater than 3.25 and the chest is sunken inward and backward, significantly compressing the heart and lungs, such a condition prevents the heart from fully relaxing and the lungs from fully expanding, which can impact the patient's activities. Besides the physiological impact, this condition can also significantly affect social interactions, especially for young children or adults. Some patients may suffer severe inferiority complexes, depression, and even suicidal tendencies, which, of course, will also affect their work capability and state. Therefore, for severe cases of pectus excavatum, it is recommended to wait until after treatment to return to work. Once the pectus excavatum is corrected, and the heart and lung functions are no longer compressed, and the appearance is normalized, the patient's work capability should be completely fine.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Harm of funnel chest suction cup

Recently, the use of vacuum bells for pectus excavatum has become very common in China, and their promotion has been very aggressive. However, for children using these devices, it's important to be cautious since they have pectus excavatum, a congenital deformity where the sternum is sunken inward and backward. One must ensure these patients do not have congenital heart diseases. If the patient also suffers from congenital heart defects like atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus, using the vacuum bell to forcefully pull out the sunken sternum might lead to deformation of the heart and worsen the septal defects. Therefore, before using the vacuum bell, it is essential to rule out the possibility of congenital heart diseases in patients, which can be done through an echocardiogram. Secondly, using the vacuum bell with excessive force might cause bruising and capillary bleeding in the patient’s skin.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
1min 6sec home-news-image

Can funnel chest recover by supplementing with calcium?

There was a time when many parents consulted about calcium supplementation for pectus excavatum, not only many parents but also many doctors in primary hospitals thought that pectus excavatum was caused by a lack of calcium. However, it was found that many children with pectus excavatum are actually very tall and slender. So, can these tall children also be lacking calcium? In fact, calcium deficiency leads to rickets, where beading deformities form between the hard bones and cartilage of the ribs, appearing on both sides. This beading deformation and the inward, backward indentation of the sternum seen in pectus excavatum are completely different conditions. Pectus excavatum is mostly caused by congenital genetic factors, while calcium deficiency or supplementation relates to an acquired condition. Thus, these congenital and acquired diseases are unrelated, meaning that calcium supplementation has no restorative effect on pectus excavatum.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
1min 28sec home-news-image

Causes of Pectus Excavatum

Although current medicine has developed to the molecular and genetic levels, the true causes of many modern diseases are still not completely clear, which includes pectus excavatum. There have been medical cases indicating that scientists have never ceased to explore the causes of pectus excavatum. It was once believed by early medical scientists that pectus excavatum might be caused by the inward and backward pulling of the sternum by the diaphragm. Therefore, for a period, the treatment for pectus excavatum involved releasing adhesions of the diaphragm, but this method was later found to be ineffective for children and was abandoned. Subsequently, it was discovered that pectus excavatum is somewhat related to the genetics of many families, such as those with Marfan syndrome (an autosomal dominant hereditary connective tissue disorder) and Noonan syndrome (a genetic disorder caused by mutations). However, no definitive pathogenic genes have been identified in families with sporadic cases of pectus excavatum. In summary, pectus excavatum is currently believed to be possibly caused by factors such as the development of rib cartilage on both sides, genetics, and other acquired conditions, like underdeveloped laryngeal cartilage or post-surgical factors from congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. Overall, the causes of pectus excavatum are still actively being explored by medical scientists.