What are the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy?

Written by Hu Lin

Nephrology

Updated on February 23, 2025

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The symptoms of diabetic nephropathy mainly include the following aspects:

The first one is proteinuria, where patients may notice an increase in foam in their urine, and upon examination, proteinuria will test positive.

The second symptom is edema, which may initially appear as intermittent swelling but gradually develops into swelling of both lower extremities or even the entire body. Of course, pleural effusion and ascites may also occur.

The third type of symptom is hypertension; diabetic nephropathy combined with hypertension often involves stubborn high blood pressure, which requires multiple antihypertensive drugs to control.

The fourth point is that in the later stages of diabetes, signs of renal failure gradually appear, such as nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, anemia, renal osteopathy, skin itching, and more.

The fifth is extrarenal manifestations, such as diabetic retinopathy presenting with vision loss or even blindness, and diabetic neuropathy leading to numbness and abnormal sensations in the hands and feet.

Additionally, it is common for patients with diabetic nephropathy to also experience cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and more.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

2min 2sec

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Is diabetic nephropathy stage 3 reversible?

Patients with diabetic nephropathy actually have an irreversible condition. If a patient has developed mild to moderate proteinuria and entered stage three, it's generally because of long-term high blood sugar, oxidative stress, and an excess of glycation end products damaging the capillaries of the glomerulus, resulting in increased permeability and the occurrence of proteinuria. The damage that has already occurred cannot be reversed; however, patients still need active treatment to control their blood sugar and blood pressure in order to slow down the progression of diabetic nephropathy as much as possible. Stage three diabetic nephropathy is incurable, but treatment can slow the progression of the kidney disease, preventing the development from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. Stage three refers to the early period of diabetic nephropathy, typically seen in diabetic patients who have had the disease for more than five years. It can feature a continuous increase in urinary albumin excretion rates. High filtration rates and long-term poor metabolic control may be reasons for the persistent microalbuminuria. During this stage, patients may experience a mild increase in blood pressure, and reducing blood pressure can decrease the excretion of microalbumin. During this period, strict control of blood sugar is necessary. Oral hypoglycemic drugs can be used for treatment, and it's crucial to regularly monitor fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. Blood pressure should also be actively controlled, generally targeting a value of 130/80mmHg. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists are preferred as they can lower blood pressure, reduce proteinuria, and have a protective effect on the kidneys, thus delaying the progression of kidney disease.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

42sec

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Early signs of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is caused by long-term diabetes leading to damage in the small blood vessels. Generally, patients have a history of diabetes for over ten years. Diabetic nephropathy progresses through several stages. In the early stages, patients primarily exhibit microalbuminuria. Due to the presence of protein in the urine, patients may experience increased urine foam, especially noticeable with morning urination. Some patients may develop swelling in the lower limbs and around the eyelids. As the condition progresses, the amount of urine protein increases and the swelling becomes more pronounced, potentially reaching the level of nephrotic syndrome.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

54sec

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Is diabetic nephropathy dialysis painful?

Whether it is diabetes, nephritis, high blood pressure, or other causes leading to kidney failure, it may eventually progress to uremia. Patients with such conditions need dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. Generally, patients undergoing any type of dialysis do not experience significant pain symptoms. Dialysis can be divided into hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, both of which use artificial methods to remove metabolic waste from the patient's body and maintain the stability of the internal environment. These methods generally do not involve significant traumatic procedures, so they mostly do not cause notable pain. However, patients undergoing hemodialysis may need temporary needling each time, which causes minimal trauma and typically does not result in severe pain or significant discomfort.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

1min 1sec

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Is stage three diabetic nephropathy severe?

Stage three of diabetic nephropathy refers to patients who have persistent microalbuminuria, indicating a relatively mild state of the disease at this time. In fact, diabetic nephropathy is divided into five stages. During the first and second stages, patients generally do not exhibit specific symptoms clinically and may even test negative for proteinuria; however, an increase in kidney size and glomerular filtration rate may occur. By the third stage, patients begin to exhibit small or micro amounts of urinary albumin. The pathological damage to the kidneys at this stage is not considered particularly severe. Patients may experience hyalinization of small arteries and nodular lesions in the glomeruli. Within the staging of diabetic nephropathy, this does not constitute a particularly severe phase; however, the condition of the patients may continue to progress, leading to significant proteinuria and even renal failure.

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Written by Hu Lin

Nephrology

1min 28sec

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What are the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy?

The symptoms of diabetic nephropathy mainly include the following aspects: The first one is proteinuria, where patients may notice an increase in foam in their urine, and upon examination, proteinuria will test positive. The second symptom is edema, which may initially appear as intermittent swelling but gradually develops into swelling of both lower extremities or even the entire body. Of course, pleural effusion and ascites may also occur. The third type of symptom is hypertension; diabetic nephropathy combined with hypertension often involves stubborn high blood pressure, which requires multiple antihypertensive drugs to control. The fourth point is that in the later stages of diabetes, signs of renal failure gradually appear, such as nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, anemia, renal osteopathy, skin itching, and more. The fifth is extrarenal manifestations, such as diabetic retinopathy presenting with vision loss or even blindness, and diabetic neuropathy leading to numbness and abnormal sensations in the hands and feet. Additionally, it is common for patients with diabetic nephropathy to also experience cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and more.