Symptoms of stage 2 diabetic nephropathy

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on January 10, 2025
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Diabetic nephropathy is divided into five stages. Speaking in terms of the severity of the condition, in the second stage, the clinical manifestations are not very obvious, and the patient's kidney size may increase. Generally, at rest, the patient's urine protein is negative, but after activity, there might be traces of albumin in the urine. Due to the presence of a small amount of protein in the urine, there may be an increase in urine foam, and the patient may experience mild edema, although the symptoms of this edema are also not very noticeable. At this stage, the damage of diabetes to other organs of the body is not very evident, therefore, retinopathy is not severe, and the patient’s vision decline is not significant. The patient may also have concurrent issues like hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Symptoms of stage 2 diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is divided into five stages. Speaking in terms of the severity of the condition, in the second stage, the clinical manifestations are not very obvious, and the patient's kidney size may increase. Generally, at rest, the patient's urine protein is negative, but after activity, there might be traces of albumin in the urine. Due to the presence of a small amount of protein in the urine, there may be an increase in urine foam, and the patient may experience mild edema, although the symptoms of this edema are also not very noticeable. At this stage, the damage of diabetes to other organs of the body is not very evident, therefore, retinopathy is not severe, and the patient’s vision decline is not significant. The patient may also have concurrent issues like hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

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Written by Pan Wu Shan
Nephrology
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What can diabetic nephropathy eat?

Diabetic nephropathy, as the name suggests, is a complication of the kidneys caused by long-term poor control of blood sugar in diabetes. Its most typical symptoms include significant proteinuria and potential body edema. Generally, there is no particularly good method to treat diabetic nephropathy; firstly, it is necessary to control blood sugar well, ensuring that fasting blood glucose does not exceed 7 mmol/L, and blood glucose two hours after a meal does not exceed 10 mmol/L. Additionally, some kidney-protective measures can be used to reduce urinary protein, etc. Furthermore, foods high in sugar, fried foods, and those high in starch should be avoided, such as potatoes, taro, sweet potatoes, and vermicelli, all of which should be consumed less.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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How many years can a person with diabetic nephropathy live?

Diabetic nephropathy is divided into several stages, from mild to severe. In the early stage, patients only have an increased glomerular filtration rate and the proteinuria is not significant. As the disease progresses, the protein in the urine increases, eventually leading to renal failure and even developing into uremia. The entire process can last many years, with some patients experiencing it for up to ten years. In fact, when diabetic nephropathy progresses to its final stage, uremia, patients still have many treatment options, such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation, and even combined kidney and pancreas transplantation. Therefore, how long a patient can live depends on the patient's age, presence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the choice of treatment methods, among other factors.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Symptoms of stage four diabetic nephropathy

Stage four of diabetic nephropathy indicates the presence of significant amounts of urinary protein. At this stage, patients may exhibit symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, which means the total urinary protein quantification over 24 hours may exceed 3.5 grams, and the plasma albumin level may be lower than 30 grams per liter. Due to the large amount of protein leakage, patients may experience edema, presenting as swelling of the lower limbs or eyelids, or even severe generalized swelling. In addition to edema, patients may also have pleural and abdominal effusion, leading to pulmonary edema. Excessive fluid can overburden the heart, causing heart failure, which manifests as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing, especially when the patient is active, these symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath become more pronounced.

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How to supplement for anemia in diabetic nephropathy?

Patients with diabetic nephropathy who exhibit anemia are often in a state of chronic renal failure. This anemia caused by chronic kidney disease is mainly due to the decreased secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys. Therefore, treatment involves the use of erythropoietin to stimulate bone marrow hematopoiesis. In addition to this medication, patients generally also need to supplement with iron preparations, such as ferrous succinate, sucrose iron, etc., and take oral folic acid, all of which are raw materials for blood formation. Furthermore, if patients have severe malnutrition, they should also supplement with foods rich in protein, such as eggs, milk, chicken, duck, fish, etc. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)