Which department should I go to for heart failure?

Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
Updated on September 23, 2024
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Heart failure primarily includes left heart failure, right heart failure, and total heart failure. Patients should visit the cardiology outpatient clinic. Left heart failure mainly manifests as pulmonary congestion, which can cause varying degrees of breathing difficulty, coughing, expectoration of pink frothy sputum, palpitations, and fatigue. Right heart failure primarily appears as liver congestion and other symptoms related to the digestive system, such as nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Total heart failure includes symptoms of both left heart failure and right heart failure, and medical attention should be sought promptly after the onset of heart failure.

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Written by Liu Ying
Cardiology
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What is acute heart failure?

Acute heart failure refers to an acute episode or exacerbation of heart failure, presenting as acute cardiac insufficiency or acute decompensation of chronic heart failure. Acute heart failure can be divided into acute left heart failure and acute right heart failure. Diseases that can cause acute left heart failure include acute coronary syndrome, hypertensive emergency, acute severe myocarditis, etc. Diseases that can lead to acute right heart failure include right ventricular infarction, acute massive pulmonary embolism, and so on. Patients with acute heart failure may present with sudden severe breathing difficulties, accompanied by frequent coughing, coughing up pink frothy sputum, etc. In severe cases, patients may exhibit confusion among other symptoms. Treatment should be aggressive to improve prognosis, such as administering oxygen, diuretics, sedation with morphine, vasodilators, etc. Specific treatment plans should be determined by a specialist based on the cause of the acute heart failure. (Specific medication use should be guided by a doctor; do not self-medicate.)

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Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
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Acute heart failure typical symptoms

The typical symptoms of acute heart failure include sudden severe difficulty breathing, increased respiratory rate, and patients generally presenting a forced sitting position, with pale, grayish complexion and cyanotic lips. They often have profuse sweating, restlessness, frequent coughing, and coughing up pink frothy sputum. The condition can be critical, leading to consciousness disturbances due to lack of oxygen. Once acute heart failure occurs, active treatment is essential. The most common clinical approaches include strengthening the heart, diuresis, and vasodilation for symptomatic active management.

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
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Causes of acute heart failure include

Most patients with acute heart failure have a history of heart disease, and the common causes mainly include: 1. Acute myocardial necrosis or damage, such as acute coronary syndrome, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and myocardial damage caused by drugs or toxins, including sepsis-induced myocardial damage. 2. Acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure due to infection or other stressful factors. 3. Acute hemodynamic changes, mainly including conditions like cardiac tamponade, hypertensive crisis, aortic dissection, and acute valvular regurgitation, all of which can lead to acute heart failure.

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Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
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Heart Failure Drug Therapy

Due to some myocardial diseases that cause damage to the myocardium, or other reasons that increase the heart's load, heart failure may occur. Clinical treatment involves strengthening the heart and promoting diuresis, improving blood vessel function, increasing the heart’s contractility, reducing the heart’s resistance, and decreasing the volume of blood returning to the heart. Through these effective drug treatments, heart failure can be corrected. Patients with heart failure should avoid excessive fatigue and maintain a low-salt diet to prevent increasing the burden on the heart.

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Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
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What causes acute heart failure?

Acute heart failure can occur in diseases of the heart itself, as well as in other serious diseases that lead to heart failure. Common cardiac diseases include severe arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. If these diseases are not well treated, they can cause acute heart failure. Other diseases can be seen in cases such as drug poisoning, severe anemia, severe infection, and during the treatment of other diseases when excessive use of fluids increases the burden on the heart, leading to acute heart failure.