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Thyroid nodule
Where to do acupuncture for thyroid nodules?
Thyroid nodules do not require acupuncture treatment. The vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, with only a small portion, about 5%, being malignant. We generally determine the treatment approach based on whether the nodule is benign or malignant. For benign nodules, we typically follow up with observation, while malignant nodules require surgical treatment and oral medication, or Iodine-131 radiotherapy. The primary evaluation for distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules relies on the results of color Doppler ultrasound and the pathology results from thyroid fine-needle aspiration.
Do thyroid nodules affect pregnancy?
This decision should be based on the nature of the thyroid nodules. If the thyroid nodule is benign, pregnancy generally will not be affected, and it is possible to conceive. However, if the patient has malignant thyroid nodules, I would advise against rushing into pregnancy. Firstly, prioritize treating the malignant thyroid nodules promptly. If you become pregnant during this time, the risks associated with surgery and medications for both the pregnant mother and the fetus are very high. Nevertheless, after receiving timely and standardized treatment and once the patient's condition has stabilized, it is possible to conceive. However, it should be noted that surgery may lead to reduced thyroid function. In the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the fetus relies on the mother for thyroid hormone supply. If the mother's thyroid hormone levels are too low, it can lead to delayed fetal development, and even abnormal brain development, resulting in a baby born with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, women with a history of thyroid disease should develop a treatment plan under the joint collaboration of an endocrinologist and an obstetrician-gynecologist.
Thyroid nodule calcification meaning
In our thyroid ultrasound, terms like thyroid nodule calcification are often seen. Thyroid nodule calcification is a form of self-healing. It can be divided into large and small nodule calcifications. Generally, large nodule calcifications have a very low proportion of malignancy. The possibility of malignancy in smaller calcifications is relatively higher. When we see a report indicating thyroid nodule calcification, there is no need to panic. We can consult specialists such as thyroid surgeons, who will tell you how to distinguish between benign and malignant conditions. I recommend performing thyroid cytological puncture, which, through pathological examination, can determine whether the thyroid nodule calcification is benign or malignant.
Should thyroid nodules be punctured?
Thyroid fine needle aspiration is a reliable and highly valuable diagnostic method we use to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Generally, thyroid nodules with a diameter >1 cm are considered for fine needle aspiration. Fine needle aspiration is not routinely considered in the following situations: (1) The nodule has already been evaluated with a nuclear scan indicating a hyperfunctioning adenoma due to hyperthyroidism; (2) The nodule is purely cystic; (3) The nodule is highly suspected to be highly malignant. In cases where the nodules grow rapidly and significantly enlarge, causing compression of the surrounding trachea and symptoms such as breathing difficulties and hoarseness, these thyroid nodules requiring surgery do not necessitate further fine needle aspiration treatment.
Probability of thyroid nodules becoming cancerous
The malignant manifestation of thyroid nodules is thyroid cancer. Thus, thyroid nodules are divided into two major categories: benign and malignant. Benign nodules generally make up the vast majority, with malignancies accounting for less than 5%. Malignant thyroid nodules are cancerous. Some benign thyroid nodules may also become malignant over time. Generally, small nodules do not show obvious clinical symptoms during the cancerous transformation, but their nature changes. When a nodule compresses surrounding tissues and causes certain symptoms, such as hoarseness, tracheal compression, and difficulty swallowing, it often indicates that the tumor is in the middle or late stage. Overall, the chances of benign nodules becoming cancerous are very small. The malignancy rate of benign nodular goiter is about 5%, and the possibility of adenomas turning malignant is around 10%. As the diameter increases, the possibility of adenomas becoming malignant gradually increases. There are several high-risk factors for the malignant transformation of thyroid nodules: for instance, having a history of radiation exposure to the head and neck area during childhood or adolescence, patients who are younger than 14 or older than 70; the rate of malignant transformation of thyroid nodules significantly increases; and the rate of malignant transformation in male nodules is significantly higher than in females. Also, patients whose nodules significantly increase in size in a short period during regular check-ups are also considered high-risk for malignancy.
Is thyroid nodule calcification scary?
Thyroid nodule calcification is a common disease of the human thyroid gland. When seeing thyroid nodule calcification, we should not be afraid. Thyroid nodule calcification refers to the dense proliferation of thyroid cells, which, during an ultrasound examination, appears as strong spots, specks, or rings on the thyroid. Thyroid nodule calcification can be divided into coarse calcification and microcalcification. Generally, coarse calcification is benign, and we can continue to observe it. If it is microcalcification, we can conduct a pathological examination. If it is malignant, surgical treatment can be performed; if it is benign, we can continue to observe. Therefore, thyroid nodule calcification is not something to be afraid of.
Effects after thyroid nodule removal
Thyroid surgery often leads to postoperative bleeding as a common complication. Bleeding may compress the trachea, causing difficulty in breathing. If a patient exhibits severe breathing difficulties along with significant bleeding from the drainage tube post-surgery, emergency hemostasis should be performed. Secondly, tracheomalacia. Long-term compression from the mass softens the tracheal wall, leading to a collapse due to inadequate support from surrounding tissues. Thus, after removing thyroid nodules, the thyroid and adjacent tissues fail to support the softened trachea, resulting in breathing difficulties. Thirdly, pharyngeal edema. During surgery, inflammatory stimulation can cause edema in the surrounding tissues, which may lead to difficulty in breathing. Therefore, after ruling out possibilities of postoperative bleeding, tracheomalacia, or vocal cord paralysis, pharyngeal edema should be considered. Nebulization therapy can be administered. Fourthly, vocal cord paralysis is common due to accidental damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery, causing hoarseness. Generally, patients may gradually recover over three to six months, and symptoms can improve. The fifth effect is damage to the parathyroid glands. If the parathyroid glands are damaged, it may lead to abnormal blood calcium levels and symptoms of hypocalcemia, such as tetany and spasms. Most cases are due to vascular damage to the parathyroid glands resulting in temporary hypofunction, which often recovers shortly. The sixth possible outcome is a thyroid storm. Some patients with hyperthyroidism may experience a sudden release of large amounts of thyroid hormone into the bloodstream post-surgery, causing high fever, irregular heart rate, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, coma, and even death. The seventh effect is that removal of the thyroid gland leads to a deficiency in thyroid hormones, resulting in symptoms of hypothyroidism.
What is a thyroid nodule?
The thyroid is an endocrine gland located in the neck of the human body. If some abnormal nodules appear in it, they are referred to as thyroid nodules. Based on histological classification, they can be divided into follicular type, papillary type, and mixed type. A common characteristic of these types is that they generally appear as solitary nodules with a relatively complete capsule; the tumor cells differ from the surrounding thyroid tissue; and the cellular structure inside the tumor is relatively consistent. Generally speaking, middle-aged women are the demographic most prone to developing thyroid nodules.
Thyroid Nodule Classification Standard
To standardize the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, we have categorized thyroid nodules into six levels, with the severity and the likelihood of malignancy increasing with each level: Grade 1 refers to normal thyroid tissue; Grade 2 indicates benign changes in the thyroid, with the risk of malignancy increasing over time. For example, simple thyroid cysts, which require an ultrasound check every 1-2 years; Grade 3 refers to the presence of nodules in the thyroid with a malignancy possibility of
How to deal with calcification of thyroid nodules?
Thyroid nodules calcification can be divided into coarse calcification and microcalcification. Coarse calcification is generally benign, and benign conditions do not require special treatment. When a large nodule causes compression symptoms and affects our appearance, surgical removal can be considered. Microcalcification is mostly likely to become malignant, therefore, cytological biopsy of the thyroid should be performed. If it is benign, we can continue to observe it. If it is malignant, we can treat it with surgery, comprehensive therapy, or radiotherapy.