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Rheumatic Arthritis
The difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Rheumatic arthritis is an inflammatory connective tissue disease caused by infection with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. It is primarily characterized by migratory pain in the major joints of the limbs and may also present with fever, rash, erythema annulare, subcutaneous nodules, chorea, and carditis. Osteoarthritis mainly affects the major joints such as the hands, knees, shoulders, and lumbar spine, often without migratory symptoms. This condition is a degenerative change, primarily seen in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The treatment of this disease mainly includes calcium supplementation, keeping the joints warm, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and medications that improve the condition, mainly glucosamine sulfate and diacerein.
How is rheumatoid arthritis treated?
Rheumatoid arthritis, also commonly referred to as internal rheumatoid arthritis, primarily has three major categories of treatment. The first category is anti-inflammatory and pain relief. The medications for anti-inflammatory pain relief include two types: the first type is non-steroidal pain relievers; for patients with very severe pain, a low dose of corticosteroids can be considered. The second category, which is also the most important treatment, involves the use of immunosuppressants. These immunosuppressants include drugs such as methotrexate and leflunomide. If the patient does not respond well to anti-inflammatory pain relief and immunosuppressants, treatment with biologics can also be considered.
Can people with rheumatoid arthritis drink alcohol?
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis can drink a small amount of alcohol, but long-term heavy drinking is not recommended. This is mainly because patients with rheumatoid arthritis need to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief due to joint pain. The most significant side effect of these painkillers is their impact on the gastrointestinal tract. As alcohol is known to be harsh on the stomach, patients who take NSAIDs while drinking alcohol are at a higher risk of developing complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, it is advised that patients with rheumatoid arthritis should not engage in long-term heavy drinking. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Can people with rheumatoid arthritis drink alcohol?
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis should avoid drinking alcohol. Due to joint pain, patients with rheumatoid arthritis inevitably consume anti-inflammatory pain relievers or steroids for pain relief. These anti-inflammatory drugs are already harsh on the stomach, and alcohol is similarly harmful. Consuming both anti-inflammatory pain relievers and alcohol can easily lead to gastrointestinal bleeding. Some patients may even develop complications such as gastric ulcers or severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, it is not recommended for patients with rheumatoid arthritis to drink alcohol. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Treatment of Acute Flare-ups of Rheumatoid Arthritis
During the acute phase of rheumatoid arthritis, typical treatment includes absolute bed rest and avoiding intense physical activities, followed by a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables containing vitamins. Medication-wise, sodium diclofenac or meloxicam are used, which are non-steroidal drugs that relieve joint pain. If these drugs are not effective, steroids such as methylprednisolone are administered, initially at doses of 20 mg or 40 mg, until the pain eases, then gradually reducing the steroid dosage. During steroid treatment, it's also important to prevent side effects, namely, by supplementing with calcium and incorporating drugs that protect the stomach lining. (The above medications should be used under medical supervision.)
Is the ankle pain due to gout or rheumatoid arthritis?
In clinical practice, the first reason for ankle pain is rheumatic or rheumatoid arthritis, which mainly involves the synovium of the joint in the early stages, causing synovial hyperplasia and effusion leading to pain. The second cause is gout, which is due to dietary habits, such as frequent consumption of greasy or seafood-based foods, and a preference for beer, leading to increased uric acid levels and gout. The third cause is osteoarthritis in middle-aged and elderly people, which leads to degeneration of joint cartilage and pain. The fourth cause is sprains, which can lead to damage to cartilage and ligaments within the joint, causing pain. To determine whether ankle pain is caused by gout or rheumatic arthritis, one can simply visit a hospital for a checkup, such as a uric acid test to see if there is a significant increase in gout uric acid levels. If the uric acid level is significantly elevated, it is likely caused by gout. Additionally, one can check for a rheumatism panel to see if the anti-O test is positive; if it is, it may suggest that rheumatic factors are causing the pain.
The difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis refers to the damage of joint cartilage due to degeneration in old age, which can cause symptoms such as joint pain, limited mobility, and deformity. Rheumatoid arthritis, on the other hand, involves the destruction of joint cartilage solely due to rheumatic diseases, particularly accompanied by abnormal proliferation of the synovium, causing pain and local heating, and resulting in limited joint mobility. Rheumatic diseases feature migrating joint pain, which worsens when exposed to cold. Additionally, diagnostic indicators such as positive rheumatoid factor will show increased levels, thus making it relatively easy to distinguish between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Criteria
The diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis include, first, the presence of swelling and pain in multiple joints, especially characterized and significant in the smaller joints. Second, serological tests show elevated levels of antibodies, commonly rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies. If both are elevated, it is most meaningful. Third, the duration of joint swelling and pain should be more than six weeks. Fourth, we must also check some inflammatory markers for joints, such as elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. If these markers are elevated, and the patient has swelling and pain in multiple joints, then we can consider a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Can people with rheumatoid arthritis donate blood?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical polyarthritis. It belongs to auto-immune diseases and is not an infectious disease; the cause of which is currently unclear. There is also considerable individual variation in its clinical manifestations. Because it is an autoimmune disease, it cannot be cured. This relates to whether or not one can donate blood: firstly, blood donors must not have any infectious diseases. Secondly, since this disease cannot be cured and patients often need to take regular doses of medications such as methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine, there will be a certain concentration of these drugs in the body. If the condition allows and there are no infectious diseases, blood donation may be appropriately considered.
How to cure rheumatoid arthritis?
The treatment methods for rheumatoid arthritis mainly consist of three major categories. The first category is the use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, commonly including non-steroidal analgesics such as sustained-release diclofenac sodium tablets, and small doses of corticosteroids can also be used. For rheumatoid arthritis, the most important treatment is the choice of immunosuppressants. Commonly used immunosuppressants include methotrexate and leflunomide. After using these medications, it is necessary to regularly monitor blood routine tests and liver and kidney functions to check for possible side effects of the drugs. If the effects of the above oral medications are not satisfactory, the application of biologics can also be considered. (Specific medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor, do not self-medicate.)