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Gallstones
Gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps differentiation
Gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps are common diseases in the digestive system and are usually benign. Both gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps can cause chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, leading to chronic cholecystitis. Some patients may experience acute episodes of pain in the upper right abdomen, leading to an acute cholecystitis attack. Both conditions typically require laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging to confirm diagnosis. Clinically, they are mainly identified through color Doppler ultrasound; gallbladder stones are formed by the deposition of bile salts within the gallbladder, while gallbladder polyps are protrusions growing from the gallbladder wall into the cavity, which can be clearly distinguished by ultrasound.
What is good to eat for gallstones?
Patients with gallbladder stones should primarily observe the following dietary guidelines: First, it is particularly important for patients with gallbladder stones to avoid spicy and stimulating foods such as chili peppers, barbecues, and garlic. A diet primarily composed of mild foods, supplemented by fresh vegetables and fruits, can better control the onset of the condition. Second, patients with gallbladder stones can also appropriately include protein-rich foods such as eggs, lean meats, and fish in their diet to enhance their immunity. Third, patients with gallbladder stones should avoid foods high in cholesterol and fats, such as animal offal and fatty meats. These foods might cause the stones to increase in size and lead to recurrent right upper abdominal pain and discomfort, thus requiring attention.
Clinical manifestations of gallstones
Clinical manifestations of gallbladder stones: 1. Patients often experience abdominal pain after a full meal or when eating greasy food. 2. Patients may experience upper abdominal pain, bloating, belching, and regurgitation after consuming a high-fat diet in excess, or during periods of stress or poor rest. These symptoms are often misdiagnosed as stomach disorders. When gallstones chronically press against and block the gallbladder ducts without causing an infection, the gallbladder mucosa absorbs bile pigments and secretes mucinous substances, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the gallbladder. This fluid is usually clear and colorless, commonly referred to as white bile.
Can ERCP remove gallbladder stones?
ERCP is currently being explored by some hospitals in China for the removal of gallstones. It involves inserting a tube through the lower part of the gallbladder to remove the gallstones. However, we generally do not recommend using ERCP for gallstone removal because if it becomes necessary to remove the stones, the gallbladder must be cut open, which can easily lead to complications such as suppurative cholecystitis. Currently, the most common method for removing gallstones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which, of course, requires mature surgical skills and relatively has fewer complications.
What should I do if gallstones cause my complexion to turn yellow?
If a patient with gallstones presents with yellowing of the skin, jaundice has occurred. When jaundice appears, it is often a secondary obstructive jaundice. In such cases, the patient will display symptoms such as lighter stool color, darker urine color, and yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes due to jaundice. Therefore, at this point, the only treatment for the patient is surgery, which typically involves laparoscopic cholecystectomy. By removing the gallbladder, a definitive cure can often be achieved. In severe cases, some cholesterol-lowering medications may be used for symptomatic treatment, but generally, symptoms can be alleviated after surgical removal.
What should not be eaten with gallstones?
Patients with gallstones should primarily avoid spicy and stimulating foods, such as chili peppers, barbecue, and garlic, to reduce inflammation. They should also avoid foods high in fats and cholesterol, such as animal organs and fatty meats. For patients with gallstones, the diet should mainly consist of light and mild foods, and include plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits to lessen the burden on the gallbladder and reduce the frequency of symptoms. If a patient with gallstones repeatedly experiences discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen, it is necessary to consider surgical removal of the gallbladder at an early stage. Surgery is the only definitive treatment to improve the quality of life for these patients, and diet still needs to be carefully managed post-surgery.
What will happen if gallstones worsen?
For patients with gallstones, if exacerbation occurs, they will exhibit significant pain in the upper right abdomen, and may even experience radiating pain in the right shoulder, scapular area, and back, severely affecting the quality of life. Some patients may also experience nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension among other gastrointestinal symptoms. Thus, patients with these symptoms should undergo surgery as soon as possible. The primary treatment for gallstones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as it has the advantages of a small incision, minimal injury, and faster recovery, making it often the first choice in clinical settings. Additionally, it is still necessary for postoperative patients to avoid spicy and irritating foods to reduce inflammation and better facilitate recovery from the condition.
Dietary Taboos for Gallstones
Patients with gallstones should primarily avoid spicy and irritating foods, such as chili peppers, barbecue, and garlic. They should adopt a light diet, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and also avoid foods high in cholesterol and fats, as these foods can exacerbate gallstone symptoms. Since most gallstones are cholesterol stones, patients with symptomatic gallstones should also undergo surgery as soon as possible. Only through surgery can a cure be achieved, which can significantly improve the patient's quality of life. Post-surgery, patients still need to be mindful of their diet to facilitate recovery.
How should gallstones be treated?
The treatment of gallstones primarily depends on whether symptoms are present. For patients with relatively small gallstones, they usually do not experience significant discomfort and do not require special treatment. Regular ultrasonic re-examinations to monitor changes in size are recommended. Daily dietary intake should avoid spicy and stimulating foods, and foods high in cholesterol. For patients with larger gallstones, recurrent right upper abdominal pain and biliary colic may occur, so early surgical intervention is advised. Only through surgical removal of the gallbladder can a complete cure be achieved, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy being the main method of surgery.
Gallbladder stones CT manifestations
Gallstones typically display characteristic features on a CT scan. Depending on the calcium content and the chemical composition of the stones, they can appear as high-density, isodense, or low-density stones. High-density stones present as multiple areas of increased density within the gallbladder, though they can also be solitary. A solitary high-density stone generally appears as a concentric circle with low central density surrounded by high density. Isodense stones have the same density as bile, which sometimes makes them difficult to distinguish. Low-density stones, which are primarily cholesterol stones, can sometimes contain gas, appearing as low-density shadows. CT is not the first choice for diagnosing gallstones; abdominal ultrasound is generally preferred.