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Atrial septal defect
How to treat atrial septal defect
Typical cardiac murmur ECG and X-ray findings may suggest the presence of an atrial septal defect. An echocardiogram can confirm the diagnosis, and it should be differentiated from conditions such as anomalous pulmonary venous return, pulmonary valve stenosis, and small ventricular septal defects. For the treatment of atrial septal defects, in adult patients, if echocardiographic evidence of increased right ventricular volume load is present, the defect should be closed as soon as possible. Treatment options include interventional and open-heart surgical procedures. Before the implementation of interventional surgeries, all cases of simple atrial septal defects that have caused hemodynamic changes, with signs of increased pulmonary blood flow, enlargement of the atria and ventricles, and corresponding ECG findings, should undergo surgical treatment. In older patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, surgical treatment should be approached with caution.
Can a ventricular septal defect heal itself?
Traditional views suggest that the best age to close atrial septal defects (ASDs) is between four and five years old, during preschool. The possibility of spontaneous closure of atrial septal defects larger than 8 millimeters in diameter is very low. If the defect is less than 4 millimeters, there is a possibility of healing. Currently, it is advocated that if an atrial septal defect still exists after the age of one year, and there is evident systolic murmur and fixed splitting of the second heart sound, or if heart catheterization and echocardiography show left-to-right shunting greater than 1.5:1, indicating a defect diameter of five to six millimeters or more, early surgery should be pursued to stop the left-to-right shunt to avoid causing pulmonary hypertension and endocarditis.
Is a 12mm atrial septal defect serious?
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a fairly common congenital heart disease in pediatric cardiology. For infants and young children, atrial septal defects can be categorized based on their size into three types: A large atrial septal defect typically refers to a defect larger than 10 millimeters. A medium atrial septal defect generally refers to a defect that ranges from 5 to 10 millimeters. A small atrial septal defect usually refers to a defect that is less than 5 millimeters. Therefore, for an infant or young child, an atrial septal defect measuring 12 millimeters would indeed be considered quite severe.
Symptoms of an infant's room septal defect
Symptoms of ventricular septal defect in infants are as follows: 1. Symptoms: If the mother had intrauterine infections within the first three months of pregnancy, was exposed to significant amounts of radiation, took teratogenic medications, or had metabolic disorders, these factors could contribute to the condition. The patient is prone to recurrent respiratory infections and exhibits symptoms of palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, and excessive sweating. If these symptoms worsen after physical activity or crying and are accompanied by cyanosis, congenital heart disease should be considered. Cyanosis can intensify during severe crying episodes, pneumonia, or heart failure in infants, and may be accompanied by a hoarse voice. 2. Physical signs: Notable findings include a bulging in the precordial area and diffuse apical impulse. A soft, systolic murmur can be heard between the second and third ribs along the left margin of the sternum.
How does septal defect shunt?
Atrial septal defect is the most common congenital heart disease in adults, accounting for 20%-30% of all adult congenital heart conditions. The impact of an atrial septal defect on hemodynamics primarily depends on the amount of shunting. Due to higher pressure in the left atrium compared to the right atrium, a left-to-right shunt is formed. The amount of shunting depends on the size of the defect, as well as the compliance of the left and right ventricles and the relative resistance in the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Diseases that affect the compliance of the left ventricle, such as hypertension and coronary artery disease, can increase the extent of the left-to-right shunt. A continuous increase in pulmonary blood flow leads to pulmonary congestion, increasing the load on the right heart. Pulmonary vascular compliance decreases, progressing from functional pulmonary arterial hypertension to organic pulmonary arterial hypertension. As right heart system pressure continuously increases and eventually exceeds the pressure in the left heart system, the original left-to-right shunt reverses to become a right-to-left shunt, resulting in cyanosis.
Can someone with atrial septal defect travel by airplane?
Atrial septal defect is a relatively common congenital heart disease in daily life. Many patients with atrial septal defect often ask if they can fly on planes. This depends on the specific condition. If the atrial septal defect is combined with severe cardiac damage, such as heart failure, then flying is definitely not allowed. However, if the atrial septal defect is mild, not severe, without clinical symptoms or cardiac damage, then it is indeed possible to fly. It is recommended for those in this condition to visit a cardiology outpatient clinic at a hospital and ask a doctor to make an assessment.
Can a ventricular septal defect have a vaginal delivery?
Atrial septal defect is a relatively common congenital heart disease in adults. Therefore, when women are diagnosed with this condition, they often ask their doctor one question: "Can I give birth naturally?" This question requires a case-by-case analysis. If the atrial septal defect is not severe, does not cause changes in the heart structure, or lead to heart failure, then natural childbirth is definitely possible. However, if the atrial septal defect is severe and causes changes in heart structure, such as pulmonary hypertension or heart failure, then natural childbirth is generally not advisable. It is best to opt for a cesarean section under the guidance of a doctor to alleviate the burden on the pregnant woman and reduce the occurrence of serious incidents.