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Ankylosing spondylitis
Can people with ankylosing spondylitis have children?
Firstly, ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease and is chronic. This disease cannot be cured; rather, it is managed long-term through medications to alleviate symptoms, control the progression of the condition, and delay the onset of joint deformities, which is the main purpose of treatment. This disease is not hereditary, but there is a clear phenomenon of familial aggregation. For instance, if one or both parents have it, the incidence in their children is over 50%. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis can have children, but there is a very high probability that their children will also suffer from the disease. Additionally, it is advised not to conceive while on medication during the treatment period; one must stop taking the medication for more than three months before considering pregnancy.
What to check for ankylosing spondylitis?
The examination for ankylosing spondylitis mainly includes blood tests. The main components of the blood tests are erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ANA along with CCP antibodies, and AKA antibodies, and of course, the most crucial test related to the gene - HLA-B27. Imaging exams can include the following: First, an X-ray of the pelvis, or an MRI of the sacroiliac joints. If the disease has been present for a longer time, a CT of the sacroiliac joints can be chosen. If the patient has elevated ESR and CRP, a positive B27, and lesions in the sacroiliac joints, then the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis can be confirmed.
Is ankylosing spondylitis serious?
Patients with ankylosing spondylitis, if treated actively in the early stages, the condition is not severe. However, if the patient continues to seek irregular and improper medical care, it is possible to develop severe complications such as kyphosis and spinal ankylosis. In severe cases, patients may even self-harm. Therefore, it is advised that patients with ankylosing spondylitis seek treatment early, before the onset of spinal ankylosis. The treatment plan mainly includes non-steroidal analgesics, such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, medications to control the condition, such as sulfasalazine tablets, and biologic treatments. With the above treatments, the condition of ankylosing spondylitis can be controlled. (Medication use should be under the guidance of a doctor.)
What causes ankylosing spondylitis?
Ankylosing spondylitis is primarily an autoimmune disease affecting the axial joints, which may also manifest with extra-articular symptoms. In severe cases, deformities and stiffening of the spine can occur. The cause of the disease is attributed to the interactive effects of genetics and environmental factors, making it a multi-gene inherited disorder. However, for some individuals, it may also be related to infections such as Ureaplasma urealyticum, Shigella, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli in the urinary and genital tracts. These pathogens trigger the body's inflammatory immune response, resulting in tissue damage and contributing to the onset and progression of the disease. There is a notable familial aggregation in the occurrence of this disease.
Does ankylosing spondylitis hurt?
Ankylosing spondylitis primarily targets the axial joints, manifesting as a chronic autoimmune disease. The most common clinical symptoms include stiffness in the neck and pain in the lumbar and back regions, areas particularly associated with axial joint involvement, predominantly affecting the spine. Additionally, symptoms can also appear in areas outside of the joints, such as pain in the peripheral joints, heels, wrists, and shoulders. Moreover, some individuals may experience eye inflammation, including recurrent uveitis and corneal ulcers. While spinal pain, neck stiffness, and lumbar or back pain are the most commonly observed clinical manifestations, hip joint pain is also frequently noted.
Can ankylosing spondylitis be cured?
Based on the current situation, it is very difficult to cure ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic disease primarily affecting the spine. It mainly involves the sacroiliac joints and spine, eventually causing spinal stiffness and restricted movement. Additionally, it can cause varying degrees of damage to multiple organs such as the eyes, lungs, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Ankylosing spondylitis is commonly referred to as AS, where 'A' stands for fusion and 'S' for spine, hence the term means spinal fusion. Currently, the cause of the disease is unknown, and there are no specific clinical treatments. The basic treatment principle involves alleviating pain, preventing spinal deformities, and strengthening the back muscles. Typically, conservative treatment is used during the early or middle stages, while surgical correction may be considered in the later stages when significant spinal deformities occur. Generally, ankylosing spondylitis is very difficult to cure.
How to exercise with ankylosing spondylitis
In the early stages of ankylosing spondylitis, when the impact on the sacral and other joints is minimal, normal activities such as swimming and jogging are acceptable. However, in the later stages of ankylosing spondylitis, as the disease progressively affects the sacral, hip, and knee joints, it becomes necessary to adjust the exercise regimen, mainly focusing on walking. It is important to avoid localized exposure to the cold and to take oral medications that nourish the joint cartilage. Daily local heat therapy for the joints or appropriate acupuncture can also help to some extent in delaying the erosion and damage of the joints by ankylosing spondylitis.
Ankylosing Spondylitis Test Items
Ankylosing spondylitis is a systemic disease of unknown cause, primarily characterized by chronic inflammation of the axial joints. It mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and leads to bony ankylosis, predominantly occurring in males, especially young males. The disease has a significant familial genetic tendency. The main symptoms are pain or discomfort in the lower back and back, typically occurring at night, accompanied by difficulty turning over. Stiffness is evident in the morning or after sitting for a long time, but symptoms may alleviate after physical activity. In young and middle-aged males showing these symptoms, ankylosing spondylitis should be suspected first. The main diagnostic methods include blood tests for HLA-B27, and imaging such as CT or MRI of the sacroiliac joints to detect any sacroiliitis. Diagnosis primarily relies on the combination of symptoms, HLA-B27 results, and sacroiliac joint CT findings.
How is ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed?
Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease that cannot be cured but can be managed primarily through medication. Its main typical symptoms include stiffness in the neck or pain in the lower back, with the pain becoming more apparent when at rest or after sitting for a long time. Symptoms tend to improve with movement. A typical occurrence is pain that awakens the patient at night. Peripheral joints like the knee joint and heel can also be affected. However, the main symptoms are stiffness in the neck and pain in the lower back. Diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis requires combining symptoms with a positive B27 blood test result, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI of the sacroiliac joints, showing signs of sacroiliitis, narrowing or damage in the sacroiliac joint space, to confirm the diagnosis.
What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), where "A" stands for fusion and "S" for spine, refers to the condition where the bones and joints of the spine are fused together. Ankylosing Spondylitis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the axial skeleton and major limb joints. It is characterized by fibrosis and ossification of the intervertebral discs’ annulus fibrosus and nearby connective tissues, as well as ankylosis (stiffening) of the joints. It presents as a sterile inflammation occurring in the spine. However, it is not solely limited to the spine as it also involves the axial bones and major limb joints. The pathological hallmark of the disease includes inflammation mainly at the sacroiliac joints and points of attachment to the spine, leading to joint stiffness and calcification of the spinal ligaments and joints. The disease progression begins at the sacroiliac joint, spreading upwards through the entirety of the spine, and eventually stops at the cervical vertebrae. Symptoms start with pain in the early stages, followed by restricted mobility in the intermediate phase, and ultimately leading to deformities of the abdomen and back, culminating in severe hunchback. The exact cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis remains unclear, with various theories proposed but none universally accepted. Additionally, it is categorized under rheumatologic and immunologic disorders.