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Zou De Bo
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About me
Loudi Central Hospital, Department of Urology, Attending Physician.
Proficient in diseases
Common treatments for urological diseases.
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Voices
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Kidney cancer thrombus
Tumor thrombus is one of the common complications of tumors, and refers to cancer cells in blood vessels or lymphatic vessels similar to blood clots, i.e., cancer cells clustering together, invading the vessels, and causing abnormalities in blood coagulation function, leading to disorders in blood circulation and abnormal coagulation with clustered cancer cells. Generally, the risk of tumor thrombus formation is very high, and patients with tumor thrombus have much worse treatment outcomes than those without. Renal cancer is also a tumor commonly associated with tumor thrombus. Once a tumor thrombus occurs, it indicates that the surgery might be staged quite late, and thus, its treatment results are also relatively poor.
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How to prevent bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Currently, the exact cause of bladder cancer is not clear. In terms of prevention, it is generally necessary to drink more water, urinate more frequently, try not to smoke, and reduce exposure to chemical irritants, such as paint, chemical substances, etc. Additionally, an annual physical examination is recommended to enable early detection and early treatment.
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Is a bladder tumor the same as bladder cancer?
Not all bladder tumors are bladder cancer, as we all know, all tumors can be benign or malignant. Of course, bladder tumors can also be benign or malignant. Only malignant bladder tumors are considered bladder cancer. If some bladder tumors are benign, they cannot be called bladder cancer. Therefore, no matter how a bladder tumor is diagnosed, whether it is benign or malignant, it should be treated as soon as possible.
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Difference between Renal Cancer and Renal Pelvis Cancer
First, the sites of the disease are different; renal pelvis cancer usually occurs in the epithelium of the renal pelvis or calyces, while renal cancer typically originates from the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. Second, the presentations are different; hematuria is a common symptom of both renal pelvis cancer and renal cancer. However, in renal pelvis cancer, hematuria can occur early, while in renal cancer, hematuria may not be seen until the tumor has invaded the renal pelvis or calyces. Third, the diagnostic tests are different; the clinical diagnosis of renal cancer heavily relies on CT scans, whereas renal pelvis cancer primarily depends on excretory or retrograde urography, that is, CT urography. Fourth, the CT appearances are different; on CT scans, renal cancer typically shows as a multicystic lesion with more pronounced enhancement during contrast than that seen in renal pelvis cancer. Fifth, the results of cytological examinations are different; cytology of renal pelvis cancer may show positive tumor cells, but renal cancer might test negative.
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early symptoms of kidney cancer
Early symptoms may include hematuria, which is often painless, intermittent, and visible throughout. Hematuria caused by renal cancer is often due to blood clots blocking the fallopian tubes, and the clots can form stripes through the ureter. Secondly, back pain may occur, which is another common symptom of kidney cancer. It is mostly dull pain felt in the back and may be caused by the growth of the tumor. Thirdly, a mass may appear, which can be felt in the abdomen during a medical examination. Generally, feeling a mass in the abdomen is possibly a symptom of the advanced stage.
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The typical three major symptoms of kidney cancer
The typical three major symptoms of kidney cancer are hematuria, pain, and a mass. If these three symptoms appear, it generally indicates that the condition has reached an advanced stage, at which point the patient may have missed the optimal timing for treatment. Surgery at this stage may also be challenging to perform completely. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential. The five-year survival rate after kidney cancer surgery is as high as 97% for many people. Thus, overall, the prognosis for kidney cancer is relatively good. However, the best treatment approach remains surgery, including nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy, depending on the size of the tumor. Generally, for tumors smaller than four centimeters, nephron-sparing treatment can be adopted.
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What are the characteristic symptoms of kidney cancer?
Most kidney cancer patients are discovered during health check-ups, and these patients may account for over 50%-60% of all kidney cancer cases. Among those with symptoms, the most common symptoms are lower back pain and blood in urine. A few patients also present with abdominal masses. 10%-40% of patients can exhibit paraneoplastic syndromes, manifested as high blood pressure, anemia, weight loss, cachexia, fever, abnormal liver function, hyperglycemia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and other changes. Additionally, symptoms such as bone pain, fractures, cough, and coughing blood can occur due to tumor metastasis.
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Is urethritis gonorrhea?
Urethritis is not necessarily gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease primarily characterized by pus-forming infections of the urinary and reproductive systems caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Acute urethritis can be divided into bacterial urethritis, gonococcal urethritis, and non-gonococcal urethritis, which are a broad category of diseases. Therefore, gonorrhea can have the clinical symptoms of acute urethritis and is a type of acute urethritis. If it is gonococcal urethritis, it should be treated as such, while non-specific urethritis should be treated as non-specific urethritis.
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"What tests should be done for urinary incontinence?"
Urinary incontinence is due to damage to the bladder sphincter or nerve dysfunction, resulting in the loss of voluntary control over urination, causing involuntary leakage of urine. This condition is more common in females than males, especially in women over fifty years of age. Some routine examinations for this condition include: First, urinalysis. Second, measuring residual urine volume, cystourethrography, bladder pressure tests, and then standing cystography. Additionally, tests such as urodynamic studies are helpful.
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How many centimeters is kidney cancer in the early stage?
Generally speaking, kidney cancers smaller than 4 centimeters are usually considered early stage, but it still depends on individual circumstances, such as whether the tumor has spread or metastasized, and the malignancy level of the tumor cells. Thus, assessing whether it is early or advanced stage requires consideration of these specific factors, and it cannot be simply determined by size alone.