Subscribe
50
Tang Bo
Neurology
About me
Studied for a master's degree at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and currently works at Nanshan District People's Hospital in Shenzhen.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in neurology diseases related to cerebral infarction, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, dizziness, migraines, and neurosis.
Voices
What is dementia called?
The commonly mentioned senile dementia, also known as Alzheimer's disease, is the most common type of dementia. Its incidence generally increases in people over the age of 65 and continues to increase with age. It is a degenerative disease, with risk factors including age and gender, usually higher in women than in men. It is also related to educational level, whether there has been trauma, genetics, thyroid function, exposure to toxic substances, as well as vascular factors. Diabetes and depression are also risk factors for senile dementia.
The difference between stroke and cerebral hemorrhage
Stroke includes hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke refers to cerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke refers to cerebral infarction. Thus, they are included in the category of stroke. If symptoms similar to stroke occur, such as facial droop and limb weakness, along with a sudden increase in blood pressure, it is essential to go to the hospital immediately. The first step should be a cranial CT scan to determine whether it is a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, to guide further different treatments. Therefore, one must go to the hospital promptly if such symptoms appear.
Is lacunar infarction dangerous?
Lacunar stroke is caused by pathological changes in some small blood vessels inside our skull, due to long-term hypertension or other factors, such as diabetes or immune factors, leading to the occlusion of the vessel lumen and the formation of small infarct lesions. Therefore, when these lesions appear, there may be symptoms, or there may be no symptoms; however, regardless of the situation, the prognosis is generally good. It is also necessary to assess the blood vessels to see if there are any major vascular abnormalities. If major vascular abnormalities are present, it could still be dangerous. If the abnormalities are confined to small vessels, the prognosis is generally good.
Is subarachnoid hemorrhage considered a minor injury?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage depends on the amount of bleeding and the location to determine the severity of the condition. It can be life-threatening in severe cases. If symptoms such as headache and severe vomiting occur, the possibility of subarachnoid hemorrhage should be considered. Initially, a cranial CT scan should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis. Further investigations should include cranial MRI or CTA vascular imaging, preferably CTA, to determine whether there is rupture bleeding caused by an aneurysm. In such cases, it is necessary to consider whether emergency surgery is required, based on the amount of bleeding and the condition of the blood vessels, and the possibility of an aneurysm to guide further treatment.
Mild manifestations of senile dementia
Mild dementia, especially in its early stages, often goes unnoticed by family members. The initial symptoms generally include being particularly forgetful. This particularly affects short-term memory; for example, a person might repeat what was just said or be repeatedly clumsy in daily tasks, sometimes losing keys or forgetting to turn off the stove while cooking. This might seem like a lack of concentration, but in reality, it is due to forgetfulness. Emotionally, individuals who were once lively might become indifferent or detached, sometimes showing signs of excitement or agitation. Behaviorally, there can be changes, such as previously generous individuals becoming stingy. Interests and hobbies that were once loved may no longer hold appeal, and individuals may become lethargic and less concerned with cleanliness and personal appearance.
What should I do about brain atrophy?
Brain atrophy includes both physiological and pathological types. Physiological brain atrophy generally occurs as age increases, similar to how wrinkles appear on the face. This type does not usually present symptoms and typically does not require treatment, as some degree of brain shrinkage may happen with age. Pathological brain atrophy, however, can occur in younger individuals and requires investigation to determine the underlying cause. Diagnostic tests should be conducted to clarify the cause of the atrophy and identify any specific diseases, which will guide the treatment plan. Additionally, some patients may experience atrophy due to past events like cerebral hemorrhage or stroke, which are caused by specific lesions. In such cases, treating the original disease is the approach taken, so the treatment plan for brain atrophy should be based on the specific circumstances.
What causes facial neuritis?
Facial neuritis, also known as idiopathic facial nerve paralysis or Bell's palsy, is caused by nonspecific inflammation of the facial nerve inside the cranial foramen, leading to peripheral facial paralysis. The exact cause is currently unknown, but it is thought to possibly be related to viral infections of the optic nerve, as well as potentially due to exposure to cold or upper respiratory tract infections. The mechanism of onset involves the bony facial nerve canal, which can only accommodate the facial nerve. However, if the facial nerve becomes ischemic and swollen, it will inevitably lead to nerve compression. Viral infections can lead to local autoimmune responses in the nerves and spasms of the nutrient vessels, resulting in ischemic swelling and facial nerve paralysis.
What causes epilepsy relapses?
Epilepsy is a clinical syndrome caused by highly synchronized abnormal discharges of brain neurons due to various reasons. Clinically, it is characterized by episodic, transient, repetitive, and stereotyped manifestations, making recurrence a characteristic of the disease itself. The location of the neurons with abnormal discharges and the range of the abnormal discharge waves vary, leading to different forms of seizure symptoms in patients. These can manifest in various ways, including sensory, motor, consciousness, psychiatric, behavioral, and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions, and may occur simultaneously. Each seizure and each type of seizure process is referred to as an epileptic seizure. Of course, a patient can experience one or several types of epileptic seizures, thus, recurrence is a characteristic of epilepsy itself.
Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Manifestations
The clinical manifestations of myasthenia gravis include fluctuating weakness of specific striated muscles that is fatigue-prone. Symptoms are generally milder in the morning and worsen by night, increasing after sustained activity and alleviating after rest. Additionally, some patients may experience ocular muscle weakness, presenting with ptosis and diplopia, which could be among the earliest symptoms. Eye movement disorders may occur, preventing the eyes from looking to one side, and pupil abnormalities may be present. Facial muscle weakness can lead to cheek puffing and air leakage, inability to close the eyes, or asymmetry of the mouth, resembling a forced smile. There may also be weakness in the masticatory muscles, leading to difficulties in chewing and swallowing, potential speech impairments, and coughing when drinking water. Neck muscle weakness may manifest as difficulty in lifting the head. Muscle weakness can affect various limbs, primarily proximally, and respiratory muscle weakness can lead to breathing difficulties and dryness.
Is facial neuritis the same as facial paralysis?
Facial neuritis can lead to facial paralysis, but facial paralysis can be divided into central facial paralysis and peripheral facial paralysis. Generally, facial paralysis caused by facial neuritis is peripheral facial paralysis. This means that there might be incomplete closure of the eyelids and deviation of the mouth corners. If central facial paralysis is considered, it generally does not lead to incomplete closure of the eyelids. Central facial paralysis is mainly caused by cerebrovascular diseases or other diseases of the brain or brainstem, whereas facial neuritis is due to damage to the facial nerve.