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102
Zhang Jun
Otolaryngology
About me
Engaged in the field of otolaryngology for ten years, pursued further training at the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, under the tutelage of Professor Jin Dejun.
Proficient in diseases
Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal hypertrophy, nasal polyps, acute and chronic pharyngitis, acute and chronic tonsillitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, vocal cord polyps, laryngeal tumors.
Voices
Scraping therapy is effective for vocal cord nodules
Vocal cord nodules are ineffective with scraping therapy. Vocal cord nodules are bilateral vocal fold lesions caused by improper voice use over long periods, excessive strain, loud yelling, or irritation from gastric acid reflux. They can cause persistent hoarseness in the patient, progressively worsening over time. If a patient experiences long-term hoarseness without improvement, it is essential to undergo an examination with an electronic laryngoscope at a hospital. This can reveal a symmetrical, smooth-surfaced, protein-based abnormal growth at the anterior-middle third of both vocal cords, leading to incomplete closure of the vocal folds, which results in hoarseness. Treatment requires surgical intervention, as scraping therapy is ineffective. The procedure involves the removal of the vocal cord nodules under general anesthesia with a surgical laryngoscope. Post-surgery, antibiotics are used to prevent local infection and recovery is typically within about a week for hospital discharge.
What can be done to alleviate the difficulty in breathing caused by enlarged turbinates?
Breathing difficulties caused by hypertrophic turbinates can initially be managed with corticosteroids via nebulization. Additionally, massaging the Yingxiang acupoints on the outer sides of both nostrils can constrict the turbinates and quickly alleviate nasal congestion to ease breathing difficulties. Patients also need to undergo detailed examination at the hospital using an endoscopic camera and sinus CT to determine the cause of the turbinate hypertrophy. Turbinate hypertrophy generally results from symptoms caused by chronic rhinitis or chronic allergic rhinitis, leading to persistent bilateral nasal congestion in patients. This is also accompanied by a foreign body sensation in the nose, swelling, and the discharge of mucous nasal fluid. For treatment, symptomatic anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy therapy should initially be administered. If conservative treatments are ineffective, a partial turbinectomy on both sides may be necessary.
Can vocal cord polyps be treated without surgery?
Vocal cord polyps must be surgically treated; otherwise, they will further aggravate. The cause of vocal cord polyps is often due to improper long-term vocal use, shouting loudly, or excessive fatigue. Alternatively, it can be caused by a digestive system disorder, where acid reflux stimulates and leads to vocal cord lesions. Patients will experience persistent hoarseness, and it tends to progressively worsen. Vocal cord polyps generally affect one side. During an examination with an electronic laryngoscope, a smooth, light red or light white abnormal growth can be observed at the anterior-middle third of one vocal cord. The growth is soft and painless, with good vocal cord mobility, but incomplete glottic closure. In terms of treatment, conservative management is ineffective, and the patient requires direct laryngoscopy for polyp removal. The surgery requires hospitalization, and the patient can typically recover and be discharged within about a week.
Differences between Allergic Rhinitis and the Common Cold
The differences between allergic rhinitis and the common cold are very clear. Allergic rhinitis lasts longer and causes patients to experience sudden bouts of sneezing in the morning, continuous clear nasal discharge, bilateral nasal congestion, and also includes symptoms such as itchy eyes and nasal issues. On the other hand, the common cold generally lasts for a shorter period and is usually caused by a virus or bacteria due to lowered immunity, leading to both systemic and local symptoms. Patients with a cold may experience fever, dizziness, headache, muscle weakness, muscle soreness, nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, and coughing. In terms of treatment, allergic rhinitis requires symptomatic anti-allergy treatment, while the common cold needs symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment and generally improves gradually over about a week, whereas allergic rhinitis requires a longer process.
Ear stone disease lacks which vitamin
Otolithiasis and lack of vitamins are not related. Otolithiasis is mainly caused by the movement of otoliths in the semicircular canals, and it is also known clinically as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Generally, patients are prone to attacks when turning over, twisting, or turning their heads, which can cause sudden dizziness. The dizziness is described as the sensation of the world spinning and does not last more than one minute, with most cases resolving on their own. During an episode, patients may experience significant nausea and vomiting, but there is no decrease in hearing or tinnitus. It has no relation to vitamin deficiency. It is necessary to go to the hospital for a detailed examination with an electronystagmography, videonystagmography, electrocochleography, caloric tests, and glycerol tests for a definitive diagnosis. In terms of treatment, recurrent otolithiasis needs otolith stimulation and repositioning treatments which have good effects. Additionally, after treatment, it is necessary to adjust sleep and rest, and avoid excessive physical activity to prevent recurrent episodes.
Can running cure nasal turbinate hypertrophy?
Enlarged turbinates can be treated by running. Generally, this condition is commonly seen in chronic simple rhinitis. Chronic simple rhinitis is frequently found in adolescents and is caused by repeated episodes of acute rhinitis, resulting in symptoms related to the turbinates. Patients may experience bilateral nasal obstruction, which alternately fluctuates, and white mucoid secretions may also appear in the nasal cavity. Sometimes, patients may also experience facial swelling, pain, and headaches. During examination, significant congestion and edema of the bilateral nasal turbinate mucosa can be observed, along with abnormal secretions in the nasal cavity; vasoconstrictors are effective in this scenario. For treatment, patients can initially use nebulized inhalation therapy during the acute phase to alleviate congestion and edema of the turbinate mucosa. Moreover, exercising by running or swimming can gradually improve the function of the turbinate mucosa over a lengthy period. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Can nasal polyps cause headaches?
Nasal polyps can cause headaches. The exact cause of nasal polyps is unknown, but they are generally due to prolonged chronic inflammation that leads to congestion, swelling, proliferation, and prolapse of the nasal turbinates' mucous membrane, resulting in the appearance of polyps. They are also often secondary to allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyps cause persistent nasal congestion, which progressively worsens, leading to persistent hypoxia in patients. This can cause symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and coughing. During examination, congested and swollen nasal mucosa can be found, and in the middle or general nasal passage, pale, abnormal, soft, painless neoplasms may be detected. In terms of treatment, nasal polyps require endoscopic nasal polypectomy and sinusotomy. After surgery, physical exercise and avoiding colds are necessary to prevent recurrence.
Will the voice change due to vocal cord nodules get better?
After surgery for vocal cord nodules, the voice will definitely improve and will not cause persistent hoarseness. Vocal cord nodules are vocal cord lesions caused by improper use of the voice over a long time, such as loud shouting or fatigue, and are commonly seen in teachers and singers. They can cause persistent hoarseness in patients and progressively worsen. Generally, vocal cord nodules occur bilaterally. Examination with an electronic laryngoscope reveals a symmetrical, pale white, smooth-surfaced neoplasm in the anterior-middle third of both vocal cords, with good vocal cord mobility and incomplete closure of the glottis. In terms of treatment, patients need to undergo vocal cord nodule removal surgery under supported laryngoscopy. The surgery requires hospitalization under general anesthesia, and patients can usually recover and be discharged a week after surgery.
Acute pharyngitis clinical manifestations
Acute pharyngitis is caused by the invasion of viruses or bacteria after a decline in the body's immunity and resistance, leading to acute mucosal lesions in the pharyngeal area. Patients will experience sudden high fever with a body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius, severe pain in the throat, primarily pain during swallowing, and symptoms including dryness, itching, foreign body sensation, obstruction, burning sensation, and irritative cough in the throat. Patients may also exhibit symptoms of coughing phlegm and blood-streaked sputum. Examination with an electronic laryngoscope reveals congested and edematous mucosa in the throat, particularly noticeable on the soft palate and uvula, with yellow purulent secretions found on the posterior pharyngeal wall and base of the tongue. Treatment involves symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy, where patients may take cephalosporin antibiotics orally or through infusion, which yields good results. Additionally, nebulized inhalation is used to alleviate local congestion and edema, with gradual recovery expected in about seven to ten days. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Is chronic rhinitis serious?
Chronic rhinitis is very serious and can cause diffuse congestion, edema, and hyperplasia of the bilateral inferior turbinate mucosa in patients, leading to persistent bilateral nasal congestion. The condition progressively worsens, and the nasal cavity will also have mucous secretions. Prolonged hypoxia in patients can lead to dizziness, headaches, a decrease in the sense of smell, memory decline, and in severe cases, depression and irritability among other clinical symptoms. When examined with an electronic nasal endoscope, the surface of the bilateral turbinate mucosa may show mulberry-like changes, and the effect of vasoconstrictors is poor. In treating chronic rhinitis, conservative treatment can be adopted first, and nebulized inhalation treatment is effective. However, if conservative treatment is ineffective, bilateral partial inferior turbinate resection may be needed. After surgery, patients need to exercise and boost their immunity to avoid recurrent episodes.