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18
Peng Miao Yun
Internal Medicine
About me
The People's Hospital of Maoming City, attending physician in the Department of General Internal Medicine, graduated from Guangdong Medical University, and has been working in the internal medicine field at a top-tier hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in general internal medicine, as well as diseases related to hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Voices
Principles of oxygen therapy for respiratory failure
Patients with respiratory failure undergoing oxygen therapy should be treated differently depending on the type of respiratory failure. If it is Type I respiratory failure, it is simply hypoxia without accompanying carbon dioxide retention. Our oxygenation principle can provide slightly higher oxygen flow, with an oxygen flow rate exceeding 5 liters per minute. However, if it is Type II respiratory failure, which comes with severe carbon dioxide retention, it requires continuous low-flow oxygenation. This type of respiratory failure is often caused by chronic pulmonary diseases. Because if high-flow oxygen is provided, the peripheral chemoreceptors' response to hypoxia will decrease in the short term, which will exacerbate respiratory suppression, leading to increased carbon dioxide retention and worsening the condition. Therefore, for Type II respiratory failure, low-flow continuous oxygen should be provided, with an oxygen flow rate controlled below 3 liters per minute.
What should I do if I have a Helicobacter pylori infection?
Helicobacter pylori is closely related to the occurrence of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer, but not everyone infected with Helicobacter pylori will develop chronic gastritis or gastric ulcers. Infections can be diagnosed with a breath test, where values more than twice the normal level, accompanied by symptoms of gastritis, gastric ulcers, stomach distension, stomach pain, and acid reflux, should be considered for antibacterial and stomach-protective treatment. Generally, with standard treatment, 90% of Helicobacter pylori can be eradicated within one to two weeks. However, reinfection is common as it can be found in food and utensils and transmitted through saliva. It is generally advised that children under 14 and individuals with low levels of Helicobacter pylori without obvious stomach inflammation symptoms do not require immediate treatment.
Characteristics of Cough Symptoms in Mycoplasma Infection
Mycoplasma infection cough is a prominent symptom characterized by an incubation period. Dry cough appears two to three days later, followed by episodes of coughing. Cough may be accompanied by a small amount of mucus, or viscous secretions, sometimes with streaks of blood. The cough generally lasts for a long time, persisting for one to two weeks, and if not well managed, it can continue for about a month. Severe cough can be treated symptomatically with asthma-relieving and cough-suppressing medications.
Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus
Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis due to norovirus infection primarily involve gastrointestinal dysfunction and infection. The onset is usually sudden and often occurs in crowded places and communal dining settings. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with diarrhea being a common symptom. Children frequently exhibit vomiting, while adults are more likely to experience abdominal pain and diarrhea. Severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration, thus it is important to promptly replenish fluids and electrolytes to correct gastrointestinal dysfunction.
How to administer oxygen for respiratory failure
If patients with respiratory failure undergo oxygen therapy, it is necessary to choose different therapy plans based on the type of respiratory failure. In the case of Type I respiratory failure, there is simply a lack of oxygen. For Type II respiratory failure, there is not only a lack of oxygen but also an accumulation of carbon dioxide. Therefore, for Type I respiratory failure, the oxygen flow can be higher, over five liters per minute, and the patient can continuously receive oxygen without causing significant side effects. However, for Type II respiratory failure, it is essential to control the oxygen flow at a low rate, under three liters per minute, otherwise, it may lead to other complications.
The main diagnostic basis for aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is caused by a variety of reasons leading to bone marrow hematopoietic failure. So, what is the main diagnostic basis for diagnosing aplastic anemia? It is primarily the bone marrow examination, which shows decreased or severely decreased proliferation at least in one site, such as active proliferation, significant reduction in megakaryocytes, and an increase in non-hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow's granular components. Additionally, there can be a decrease in total blood cells, white cells, red cells, etc., and a reduction in the absolute value of reticulocytes.
Respiratory failure classified by etiology
Respiratory failure can be classified according to its causes into four types. The first type involves diseases of the airway such as bronchial inflammation, bronchiectasis, and foreign body obstruction, leading to insufficient ventilation. The second type is due to lung tissue diseases, such as pneumonia, severe tuberculosis, emphysema, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, etc., causing a state of hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention due to ventilatory defects. The third type includes pulmonary vascular diseases, such as pulmonary vascular embolism and pulmonary infarction, which cause part of the venous blood to flow into the pulmonary veins, resulting in hypoxia. The fourth type involves diseases of the thoracic cage such as chest trauma, surgical trauma, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion, which affect daily activities and lung expansion, leading to insufficient lung ventilation and resulting in respiratory failure.
How to treat cough caused by mycoplasma infection?
Mycoplasma infection cough is mainly characterized by irritating dry cough with generally little phlegm, and it can be accompanied by fever, headache, and general discomfort. The treatment for mycoplasma infection cough involves symptomatic cough suppression and the use of antibiotics that are effective against mycoplasma. For cough treatment, if there is significant wheezing, theophylline or salbutamol can be used. Additionally, if there is a concurrent infection with increased sputum production, ambroxol can be used for expectoration, along with a macrolide antibiotic sensitive to mycoplasma, such as erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin, for antibacterial treatment.
How to treat upper respiratory tract infections?
In clinical treatment of upper respiratory infections, it is essential to analyze the specific course of the illness. In the early stages of viral infections, if symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, and runny nose are present, antihistamines and antiviral medications for clearing heat and detoxification can be used for symptomatic treatment, such as 999 Cold Remedy Granules, antiviral oral liquids, etc. In later stages, if there is a concurrent bacterial infection with thick, yellow phlegm, treatment can include the combined use of antibiotics. Amoxicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics are possible choices.
How to treat respiratory failure?
Treatment of patients with respiratory failure is primarily medical, focusing on suppressing or relieving the causes and triggers of respiratory failure, improving lung ventilation and gas exchange as much as possible, and treating and improving the function and condition of various vital organs. First, it is important to actively treat the primary disease causing respiratory failure. If there is a concurrent bacterial infection, sensitive antibiotics should be used, and triggers should be removed as much as possible. Simultaneously, maintaining airway patency and effective ventilation volume is necessary, which can involve administering bronchodilators and expectorants such as salbutamol, terbutaline sulfate, acetylcysteine, and ambroxol. When necessary, corticosteroids can be administered intravenously. If internal medicine treatment does not improve symptoms, tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation may be necessary to assist breathing. (Medications should be taken under the guidance of a physician, based on the actual situation.)