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Xu Xiao Ming
Obstetrics and Gynecology
About me
Attending physician specialized in obstetrics and gynecology, with a master's degree in gynecological oncology, published 5 articles in core journals.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in obstetrics and gynecology, with a master's degree in gynecologic oncology. Proficient in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic malignancies.
Voices
Causes of Endometrial Cancer
Patients with endometrial cancer generally have factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity that induce the condition. They are more prone to developing endometrial cancer. Furthermore, endometrial cancer is divided into hormone-dependent and non-hormone-dependent types. Hormone-dependent endometrial cancer occurs when there is an excess of estrogen produced in the body without sufficient counteraction by progesterone, leading to excessive growth and proliferation of the endometrial lining. When this growth becomes uncontrolled, it can lead to cancer. Non-hormone-dependent endometrial cancer is not caused by hormonal factors and its development is more complex. Additionally, the pathology type of non-hormone-dependent endometrial cancer is also quite unique.
How to check for cervical cancer if unmarried
For unmarried women, if there is no sexual activity, they generally do not need to undergo cervical cancer screening. This is because the cause of cervical cancer has been clearly established as being caused by HPV virus infection, mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, unmarried women without sexual activity might not consider cervical cancer screening necessary. However, it is still recommended for unmarried women who are sexually active to undergo cervical cancer screening, especially if they started sexual activity at a young age and have multiple sexual partners. The screening generally includes HPV testing, cytology (TCT), and colposcopy.
Early symptoms of cervical cancer
The most common early symptom of cervical cancer may be contact bleeding, including vaginal bleeding after intercourse. However, not many patients exhibit these symptoms. Many patients do not show any symptoms, but there are some pathological changes on the cervix. Therefore, it is recommended that women who are sexually active should undergo regular early screening for cervical cancer, including HPV, TCT, and colposcopy examinations. Regular checks can determine whether there are indeed pathological changes on the cervix. This is also a preventive measure for women, and the screening is highly efficient at detecting early pathological changes in the cervix.
Symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia polyps
If endometrial hyperplasia and polyps are present, there may be an increase in menstrual flow and an extension of the menstrual cycle. This is because if many polyps grow on the endometrium, it will increase the surface area of the endometrium, leading to increased menstrual bleeding. Therefore, it is recommended that such patients should go to the hospital in time for examination and treatment. If there are many polyps affecting daily life and reproductive function, a hysteroscopic examination is necessary. Under hysteroscopy, endometrial polyps can also be removed. Therefore, it is advised to seek medical examination as soon as possible.
Does endometritis belong to the pelvic cavity?
Endometritis is an inflammation that occurs in the endometrium, inside the uterine cavity. The uterus is an internal organ located in the pelvic cavity. Thus, this inflammation occurs within the pelvis. If a patient is diagnosed with endometritis, it is advised that they undergo anti-inflammatory treatment. Moreover, if there is a suspicion of an issue with the endometrium, it is recommended that such patients first undergo a type-B ultrasonic examination. If inflammatory symptoms are indeed present, consider performing a segmented diagnostic curettage of the endometrium. If an issue is identified, then anti-inflammatory treatment might be necessary.
Can trichomonas be seen?
If there is an infection of Trichomonas vaginalis, it can be visible under specific conditions through the use of a test strip method which involves adding potassium hydroxide and requires examination under a microscope, as it is generally invisible to the naked eye. It is recommended that patients diagnosed with Trichomonas vaginalis infection through vaginal discharge testing undergo treatment, including treatment for both partners. The medication generally chosen is metronidazole, which can be taken all at once or in divided doses orally to treat the infection. The standard for curing this infection is to re-examine the vaginal discharge after three menstrual cycles; if the trichomonads are negative, then it is considered cured.
Is cervical hypertrophy cervical cancer?
Cervical hypertrophy is not cervical cancer. Cervical hypertrophy is merely a change in the shape and size of the cervix, which becomes larger than normal, and its shape might be somewhat larger than a normal cervix. It is just a morphological change. Cervical cancer, on the other hand, is caused by an HPV virus infection. It is a type of tumor and is different from mere enlargement; one is cancer, and the other is just an increase in size. Therefore, it is recommended that patients who experience irregular vaginal bleeding after intercourse, as well as those who have irregular bleeding normally, should undergo screening for cervical cancer, including tests for HPV and TCT.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis means that the endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, grows in other locations. It can grow on the ovaries, inside the muscular layer of the uterus, or in the pelvic cavity. The ectopic endometrial tissue responds to changes in the body's estrogen levels during each menstrual cycle, creating symptoms similar to menstrual bleeding. If it grows on the ovaries, it may form a "chocolate cyst" on the ovaries that gradually enlarges with each menstrual cycle. If it grows within the muscular layer of the uterus, it can lead to adenomyosis, causing significant pain during menstruation. If it grows in the pelvic cavity, it can lead to the formation of pelvic lesions. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with such conditions seek prompt medical treatment.
Causes of cervical cancer
There are several causes of cervical cancer, such as having multiple sexual partners, premature birth, smoking, and early sexual activity, all of which could lead to cervical cancer. However, the main cause of cervical cancer is infection with HPV, the human papillomavirus. It has been scientifically proven that cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection. Therefore, this viral infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer. It is recommended that women of childbearing age undergo cervical cancer screening to check for any abnormalities in the cervix.
Can cervical cancer be cured?
Cervical cancer can be treated with options including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. For Stage 1A1 cervical cancer, a conization surgery can be chosen; for stages from 1A2 up to before 2B, a radical hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy can be selected; if it is Stage 2B, where the cancer has spread to the parametrium, it is recommended to first undergo chemotherapy as preoperative neoadjuvant therapy to reduce the tumor size before proceeding with surgery; if the cancer has progressed to Stage 3A1 and beyond, radiotherapy or chemotherapy is recommended. In summary, surgical treatment can be chosen for cervical cancer before Stage 2B; if it is Stage 2B or later, involving the parametrium or the lower third of the vagina, surgery is generally not an option, and the treatment usually involves radiotherapy or chemotherapy.