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Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
About me
Li Jiaoyan, female, attending physician, Master of Pediatric Medicine integrating Chinese and Western medicine. Graduated from Hunan University of Chinese Medicine.
Research interests include integrating Chinese and Western medicine for neonates and pediatric internal medicine, with expertise in treating common and frequent diseases in neonates and children, as well as emergency rescue of critical conditions. Proficient in monitoring the growth and development of children in early stages, assessing their developmental levels, and providing guidance.
Proficient in diseases
Treatment of common and multiple diseases in newborns and children, as well as emergency treatment of critical illnesses, monitoring of early childhood growth and development, assessment of early childhood developmental levels, and guidance.
Voices
Early clinical manifestations of rickets
Early Symptoms of Rickets: Rickets is a chronic nutritional disease caused by a deficiency in Vitamin D, leading to disordered calcium and phosphorus metabolism and resulting in abnormal skeletal development. It primarily affects infants, especially those under six months old, with the highest occurrence in infants under three months. The general symptoms include heightened neural excitability, such as fussiness, easy irritability, sudden bouts of crying, or being so sensitive that they cry when touched. Other symptoms include excessive sweating and frequent head shaking, though these are not specific indicators of rickets. Diagnosis mainly relies on biochemical markers and Vitamin D levels, like decreased blood calcium and phosphorus levels, elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and reduced 25-hydroxy-D3. X-ray images of bones might appear normal.
How long is the incubation period for neonatal jaundice?
Neonatal jaundice is the most common phenomenon in the neonatal period, especially in early neonates, which refers to newborns within the first week of life. About 80% of full-term infants can visually exhibit signs of jaundice. Jaundice can be categorized into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. Typically, physiological jaundice appears about two to three days after birth. If it is pathological jaundice, it may appear earlier, possibly within the first twenty-four hours after birth. Generally, if the jaundice appears early, progresses quickly, and is severe, it is necessary to intervene and treat promptly.
Does the BCG vaccine prevent tuberculosis?
The BCG vaccine primarily prevents infection by the tuberculosis bacillus, so it can prevent pulmonary tuberculosis. The protective effect of the BCG vaccine is mainly achieved through inducing a cell-mediated immune response. After vaccination, a primary infection is formed, which is processed by macrophages that transmit the antigen information to immune-active cells, leading to the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and the formation of sensitized lymphocytes. When the body is re-infected with the tuberculosis bacillus, the macrophages and sensitized lymphocytes are activated, causing a specific immune response in the body, thereby resisting the infection by the tuberculosis bacillus. Therefore, the BCG vaccine mainly prevents pulmonary tuberculosis.
Does Kawasaki disease cause a rash on the face?
The pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease is unclear, and the main pathological change is systemic vasculitis. Typically, the rash is a polymorphic erythema or a scarlatiniform rash, primarily occurring on the trunk. Generally, facial rashes are rare, but it's not entirely impossible for rashes to appear on the face. Therefore, if a baby develops a rash on the face without other infections, Kawasaki disease might also present this symptom.
Symptoms of a cold in a two-month-old baby
Common nasal symptoms of a cold in babies include a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Other possible symptoms are tearing, mild coughing, or throat discomfort. If the infection involves the nasopharynx, there may be fever, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngeal disease, congestion and proliferation of lymphatic tissues, and sometimes slight swelling of the lymph nodes. The fever can last from two to three days to about a week. Infants and young children are prone to vomiting and diarrhea.
Is the spirit of Kawasaki disease good?
Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, has an unclear cause and is generally prevalent in infants and young children, with 80% of cases occurring in children under five years old. The mechanism of the disease is also not very clear. Its main pathological presentation is systemic vasculitis, often involving the coronary arteries. The primary clinical symptoms include high fever, which is unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, conjunctival congestion, diffuse oral congestion, strawberry tongue, indurative edema of the hands and feet, and palmoplantar erythema. Additionally, it may affect the heart, leading to conditions such as pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, and arrhythmias. During the acute phase of Kawasaki disease, the high fever and diffuse oral mucosal congestion can affect the child's mental state. If the heart is involved, there may be abnormalities in heart rate and heart function, which can also lead to a poor mental state. Therefore, if Kawasaki disease is confirmed, it definitely requires active treatment.
How many days does it take to be discharged from the hospital for Kawasaki disease?
Kawasaki disease is a disease with unclear pathogenesis and etiology. A major pathological change is systemic vasculitis, which commonly affects the coronary arteries. Typically, it presents with fever lasting from seven to fourteen days or longer, and antibiotics are ineffective in treatment. During the first through sixth weeks of the illness, complications such as pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, and arrhythmias may occur. Coronary artery damage often occurs between the second and fourth weeks of the illness, and proactive and effective treatment of Kawasaki disease can prevent coronary complications. The acute phase generally involves symptomatic supportive care, prevention of platelet aggregation, fever reduction, and prevention of coronary artery damage. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin is recommended within the first ten days of onset. If the treatment is not effective, other special medications like steroids may be used, and the treatment duration is generally between two to four weeks. Thus, the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease is uncertain, and its pathological process is prolonged. The specific timing of discharge depends on the child's condition. If the fever is controlled and no significant coronary artery damage is evident, and the condition is stable, then discharge is possible. However, post-discharge, follow-up should be conducted based on the child's specific condition. Therefore, the duration of hospitalization for Kawasaki disease is not fixed and depends on the child's condition and treatment response.
Does Kawasaki disease cause vomiting?
Kawasaki disease is a disease with no clear etiology, commonly seen in infants and toddlers, with eighty percent of cases occurring in children under five years old. Its main pathological change is systemic vasculitis. The main symptoms include fever, congested and cracked lips, diffuse congestion of the oral mucosa, swollen tongue papillae, and strawberry tongue. Other symptoms may include swelling of the hands and feet, polymorphous erythema, and enlarged lymph nodes. There could be subsequent cardiac complications, primarily affecting the coronary arteries. Kawasaki disease may cause vomiting due to the diffuse congestion in the oral cavity, and the pharynx might also be congested. When children experience significant congestion, their laryngeal reflex might be sensitive, possibly leading to vomiting. Furthermore, children with Kawasaki disease might develop secondary infections from other bacteria and viruses, which could also lead to symptoms like vomiting. Therefore, the manifestations of Kawasaki disease can vary, and if significant vomiting occurs, it should be investigated to determine the cause.
How is encephalitis in children treated?
Encephalitis in children is generally treated based on the cause of the infection. It could be caused by viral infections, bacterial infections, or other pathogens. The most basic treatment is definitely to address the cause of the encephalitis. If there are other symptoms such as fever or seizures, symptomatic treatment should be administered based on these symptoms. The treatment plan should be tailored to the specific condition of the child.
How to disinfect hand, foot, and mouth disease?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an acute infectious disease caused by a viral infection. It mainly spreads through the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and close contact. Being in contact with a carrier or a child with the disease can result in transmission. It is important to properly handle the infected child's feces and other excretions. Clothes can be soaked in a 3% bleach solution and exposed to sunlight. Keep the room well-ventilated. Other contaminated daily items, such as toys or closely contacted objects like dishware and children's eating utensils, should be disinfected promptly.