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Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
About me
Li Jiaoyan, female, attending physician, Master of Pediatric Medicine integrating Chinese and Western medicine. Graduated from Hunan University of Chinese Medicine.
Research interests include integrating Chinese and Western medicine for neonates and pediatric internal medicine, with expertise in treating common and frequent diseases in neonates and children, as well as emergency rescue of critical conditions. Proficient in monitoring the growth and development of children in early stages, assessing their developmental levels, and providing guidance.
Proficient in diseases
Treatment of common and multiple diseases in newborns and children, as well as emergency treatment of critical illnesses, monitoring of early childhood growth and development, assessment of early childhood developmental levels, and guidance.
Voices
What does chicken breast mean?
Pectus carinatum, commonly known as pigeon chest, is a frequent chest wall deformity characterized by a protruding sternum. It can occur similarly to rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency, where an indentation at the junction of the 6th to 8th ribs and the sternum causes the sternum to jut out, forming a pigeon chest. Pigeon chest is generally considered to be linked to genetics and is often caused by excessive growth of the ribs and costal cartilages, leading to deformities in the sternum and subsequently the ribs. Beyond causing psychological distress and affecting personality, pigeon chest can also impact respiratory and circulatory functions. In cases where the condition reaches a particular severity, surgical correction may be necessary. Correction during adolescence is ideal for mild to severe cases of pigeon chest. If parents notice any abnormalities in their child's chest wall, it is advisable to seek medical consultation to determine the need and approach for treatment.
How long does it take for neonatal jaundice to completely resolve?
Neonatal jaundice is the most common phenomenon in newborns. Generally, if it is physiological jaundice, for full-term infants, which are babies born after a full 37 weeks, the jaundice should resolve within two weeks. For preterm babies, those born before 37 weeks, the duration may be slightly longer, possibly lasting three to four weeks, but generally, it should clear up by four weeks. If it extends beyond these durations, like more than two weeks in full-term infants or more than four weeks in preterm infants, this is considered excessively prolonged jaundice. In such cases, a visit to the hospital is necessary. Doctors need to perform relevant checks to assess the severity of the jaundice and determine if there are any pathological factors involved. If pathological factors are present, timely intervention and treatment are required.
What should be done if a newborn's jaundice is higher than 275?
The newborn's jaundice level has already exceeded 275, indicating that the jaundice is elevated. Typically, when jaundice is high, it is advisable to complete liver function tests to check how high the bilirubin level is in the blood. If the bilirubin in the blood is also definitely above 275, this is certainly pathological jaundice. Pathological jaundice generally suggests going to the hospital, where a specialist in neonatology will guide the treatment based on the baby's specific condition. If the baby presents with other accompanying symptoms, hospital intervention and treatment might be necessary. If the general condition is still good, the doctor might advise you to go home with medication or other interventions, with regular follow-up appointments. It is recommended that parents seek timely hospital intervention for high jaundice levels.
Quick remedy for children's cold and nasal congestion
Children experiencing nasal congestion due to a cold is mainly because of the congestion and swelling of the nasal mucosa, coupled with an increase in nasal secretions, which leads to the blockage. There isn't a specific effective treatment for children's nasal congestion like there is for adults in the ENT field, which uses medications that quickly shrink the nasal mucosa. These medications can have significant side effects for children, potentially affecting the nasal blood vessels and the normal state of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, if a child is experiencing nasal congestion, it is recommended to visit a hospital where the doctor can provide specific treatment according to the child's condition. Parents should not use adult decongestants on their children without professional advice.
What to do if a newborn has high jaundice?
If a newborn baby has high jaundice that exceeds normal values, it is considered pathological jaundice. Pathological jaundice requires timely intervention. It is generally recommended to go to the hospital, where a specialist in neonatology will conduct a thorough examination of the baby. If necessary, hospitalization or medication might be required for treatment. It is advised that parents should not handle high jaundice on their own, as they generally do not know when the newborn is in a pathological state. It is best to have a specialist doctor manage and treat the baby’s jaundice, and the specialist will also guide the treatment of the jaundice.
Is the pneumonia vaccine self-funded?
The pneumonia vaccine is primarily aimed at preventing pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most significant and common bacterium causing pneumonia worldwide. This bacterium is also the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children and is the main pathogen causing otitis media, meningitis, and bacteremia in children. Currently, there are two types of pneumonia vaccines available in China: the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine, which is suitable for people over two years old, and the 7-valent vaccine, which is suitable for infants under two years old. According to the regulations on vaccine distribution and vaccination management implemented in our country, vaccines are clearly divided into two categories: the first category includes vaccines provided free by the government to citizens, who are required to be vaccinated according to government regulations; the second category includes other vaccines that are paid for and voluntarily received by citizens. The pneumonia vaccine belongs to the second category, which is a self-funded vaccine.
How to treat neonatal jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is the most common phenomenon during the neonatal period and generally falls into two categories: physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. As the name suggests, physiological jaundice is a normal physiological phenomenon. It typically appears in full-term babies on days 2-3, peaks on days 4-5, and gradually decreases around day 7, and completely subsides within two weeks. This type does not require intervention as the baby is generally in good condition and usually does not need treatment. Jaundice that appears early, progresses quickly, is severe, or lasts a long time is considered pathological jaundice. The diagnosis of pathological jaundice is generally made by a doctor. It is recommended that babies be monitored daily for jaundice within the first two weeks after birth. Based on the bilirubin levels, if it is high, it is advisable to seek a thorough examination from a neonatologist. Pathological jaundice requires timely intervention, especially considering liver function. If there is a significant increase in indirect bilirubin, this type of jaundice can be neurotoxic. Persistent high jaundice might affect the brain, so prompt intervention is necessary. Hospitalization for jaundice treatment will depend on the cause, and treatment will be symptomatic. The cause might be other pathological factors; removing the cause while treating the jaundice is the usual approach. Common treatment for high indirect bilirubin involves phototherapy. If conjugated bilirubin is elevated, the underlying cause might be more complex and treatment more challenging. Therefore, if jaundice is detected and there is uncertainty, it is advised to promptly visit a hospital for intervention by a neonatal specialist and necessary treatment.
How to completely cure bronchitis?
Bronchitis is an infection of the bronchial mucosa caused by various pathogens, often secondary to upper respiratory tract infections or as a manifestation of acute infectious diseases. It is a common respiratory disease in childhood, typically caused by viruses or bacteria, or a combination of both. The treatment mainly involves symptomatic management, and when necessary, anti-inflammatory treatment can be administered. For viral infections, symptomatic treatment is usually sufficient, generally involving the use of expectorants, or if there is severe wheezing, nebulized asthma medications may be needed. For those with allergic constitutions, appropriate use of anti-allergy medications can be considered. Treatment can also integrate unique approaches from traditional Chinese medicine. If there are clear signs of bacterial infection, antibiotic treatment is necessary, and the use of antibiotics is recommended to be carried out in hospitals, with doctors prescribing appropriate antibiotics for children based on their specific conditions.
Symptoms of baby lactose intolerance
If a child has lactose intolerance, the main symptoms are related to the digestive system, such as frequent bloating. Children may experience bloating and restlessness at night, and even signs of intestinal colic. There are abnormal bowel movement frequencies, such as constipation for several days, as well as diarrhea with a noticeable increase in stool frequency and a looser stool consistency. Sometimes, there may be symptoms of bloody stools, which should alert caregivers to the possibility of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance is divided into primary and secondary forms. Primary lactose intolerance is more common in Chinese due to genetic factors. Secondary lactose intolerance is mainly due to other reasons that lead to a deficiency of intestinal lactase, with infections and acute gastroenteritis being common causes. For children with lactose intolerance, lactase can be added to breast milk or lactose-free formula can be used. It is also advised to regularly recheck urinary lactose levels. If levels return to normal, breastfeeding can continue. If abnormalities persist, gradually introduce solid foods, as a normal diet usually does not significantly affect the child.
Rickets is a deficiency of what?
Rickets is caused by a deficiency of what? For rickets, its main gold standard for diagnosis is based on the results of blood biochemistry and skeletal X-ray examinations. Generally, the deficiency in rickets is mainly due to insufficient levels of vitamin D, which then leads to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Typically, this is characterized by low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the body, along with decreased levels of blood calcium and phosphorus, manifesting as deficiencies in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. However, in children, rickets could also be caused by other factors, such as abnormalities in liver or kidney function, or congenital hereditary diseases. Generally, further tests are needed to confirm rickets. If other special causes are ruled out, timely supplementation of vitamin D and appropriate exposure to sunlight, along with calcium supplementation, can effectively cure the disease.