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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
Voices
Is tetralogy of Fallot a chromosomal problem?
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in childhood, consisting of four defects: ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is a type of congenital heart disease, which generally stems from abnormal cardiovascular development during fetal life, resulting in cardiovascular malformations not controlled by chromosomes. The malformation of the cardiovascular system is mainly caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, and their interactions. The exact cause of this congenital heart disease has not been fully identified yet, indicating that it is not a chromosomal disease but a result of cardiovascular developmental abnormalities during fetal life.
Phenylketonuria positive means what?
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive inherited disease and is the most common congenital amino acid metabolism disorder. Generally, if the activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the body is reduced, or if there is a deficiency in its coenzyme tetrahydrobiopterin, the concentration of phenylalanine in the blood and tissues will increase, and phenylpyruvic acid, phenylacetic acid, and phenyllactic acid in the urine will also increase. Generally, newborns may not show any special clinical features at first. Often, the first test results may be high due to maternal influence or dietary factors, which can cause these elevated indicators in newborns. If the second test is normal, there usually isn’t a significant problem. A third test can also be performed; if the third test still shows no issues, then phenylketonuria can be ruled out. Generally, if phenylketonuria is diagnosed, it should be treated promptly and properly.
Can eczema in children appear all over the body?
Infant eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin condition that generally occurs during infancy. The main causes are likely related to genetic factors, environment, immunity, biological factors, and more. The rash typically features chronic recurrent dermatitis in areas such as the face, neck, antecubital fossa, and popliteal fossa. Occasionally, the eczema may also involve the chest, abdomen, back, and limbs, although this is less common.
Treatment methods for childhood diarrhea
Firstly, it is important to pay attention to the baby’s response and the condition of their urination. If the baby shows poor spirit response and less urination, it often indicates dehydration, which can be mild, moderate, or severe. Generally, mild to moderate dehydration can be treated with oral rehydration solutions, which include electrolytes replenishment. However, in cases of severe dehydration, which may suggest hypovolemic shock, emergency intravenous fluids are necessary to expand blood volume, and it is crucial to go to the hospital promptly. Additionally, oral probiotics like bifidobacteria can be administered to regulate the intestinal flora. Montmorillonite powder can also be given to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa and stop diarrhea. If bacterial infection is suspected to be the cause of diarrhea, appropriate antibiotics should be used to treat the infection, which can be administered orally or intravenously depending on the severity of the infection. Meanwhile, the baby's urination, spirit response, skin elasticity, and symptoms of dry mouth should be closely monitored to comprehensively evaluate the treatment effectiveness.
How many days will it take for the baby to recover from a cold?
Generally speaking, if a baby has a cold caused by a common viral infection and receives symptomatic treatment, the symptoms can usually be controlled within three to five days. If it is a severe cold or influenza, the symptoms can be more severe and may include repeated fever, runny nose, and sneezing, lasting longer, about seven days, or even up to ten days. If there is a bacterial infection following the cold, the duration may be even longer and would require specific analysis based on the actual situation.
Phenylketonuria has what symptoms?
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is the most common congenital amino acid metabolism disorder. Its main clinical characteristics include intellectual disability, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a mousy urine odor. This name arises from the excretion of large amounts of phenylketonic acid metabolites in children's urine, which leads to the characteristic odor. Typically, affected children appear normal at birth, but symptoms usually begin to appear between three to six months of age, with most significant symptoms evident by one year. The most prominent issue is delayed intellectual development, with intelligence quotients often falling below normal. Skin pigmentation usually becomes lighter several months after birth due to insufficient melanin synthesis, resulting in hair turning from black to yellow and a paler skin complexion. Additionally, a distinct mousy body odor is produced due to the excretion of excessive phenylacetic acid in urine and sweat.
Can phenylketonuria be cured?
Phenylketonuria is one of the few treatable genetic metabolic diseases. It strives for early diagnosis and treatment to avoid irreversible damage to the nervous system. Once diagnosed, aggressive treatment should be given. The younger the age at which treatment starts, the better the effect. The main approach is to use a low-phenylalanine formula milk. When the blood concentration drops to a normal level, natural diet can gradually be added in small amounts, with breast milk being the preferred choice, as it contains only one-third the phenylalanine of cow's milk. Larger infants can add cow's milk, porridge, noodles, eggs, etc. The added foods should also follow the principle of being low in protein and low in phenylalanine, because concentrations of phenylalanine that are too high or too low will affect growth and development. Low-phenylalanine treatment should continue at least until after puberty. Lifelong treatment is more beneficial for patients. This disease can only control symptoms, and lifelong treatment is the best; it cannot be completely cured.
How many days does a baby usually have a cold and high fever?
If a baby has a cold and a high fever, it's generally hard to say how many days it will last. If infected by a virus or bacteria, the virulence and the body's immune function are both factors. If the viral strength is weak and the body's resistance is strong, with the appropriate use of medications, the fever can typically be controlled within one to three days. However, if the infection is due to stronger viruses or bacteria, such as the influenza virus, the common fever duration is around five to seven days, or even longer. So, for a common cold, the fever may last about three days, while influenza may last four to five days or even longer.
What to do with sudden rash in toddlers?
Roseola in infants is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by human herpesvirus type 6 or type 7. During the acute phase, this disease often presents with a sudden high fever, with temperatures reaching up to 39°C (102.2°F), and even exceeding 40°C (104°F). The fever usually lasts for 3-5 days. During this time, it is important to monitor the baby's temperature closely. If a high fever occurs, timely antipyretic treatment should be administered to prevent potential high fever convulsions. Attention should also be given to the baby's mental response; if the baby appears lethargic and the fever persists, symptomatic treatment should be provided promptly. It is also crucial to be vigilant for any potential complications. Most children with roseola will develop a rash after 3-5 days of fever, which lasts about two days. If there are no complications, they can generally recover. Therefore, there is no need to be overly anxious if a child contracts roseola, as it is a self-limiting disease that typically resolves within 5-7 days.
How many days does hand, foot and mouth disease have a fever?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by an intestinal virus infection and is characterized by acute fever and vesicles or papules on the hands, feet, mouth, buttocks, and other areas. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that cause this disease, with the most common being Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16. In typical cases, the fever may last about two to three days, but there are also cases with mild symptoms where no fever appears, or only a low fever occurs, lasting one to two days. In severe cases, the fever may last longer, from three to five days or even more. Therefore, it can only be said that in most cases, the fever in typical cases may last about two to three days.