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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
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What are the symptoms of epilepsy in children?
The typical symptoms of childhood epilepsy include sudden loss of consciousness, followed initially by tonic and then clonic convulsions, often accompanied by screaming, cyanotic facial complexion, frothing or bleeding at the mouth, dilated pupils, generally lasting 40 seconds or up to 15 minutes. The convulsive seizure stops naturally, followed by a state of coma. Of course, some affected children also display varying degrees of consciousness disorders, evident disruptions in thinking, perception, emotion, and psychomotor functions, and may show signs of conditions like somnambulism and noctambulism, among other automatisms.
Causes of Phenylketonuria
The cause of phenylketonuria is that phenylalanine is an essential amino acid for the human body. Some of the phenylalanine ingested is used for protein synthesis, while another part is converted into tyrosine by the action of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Only a small amount of phenylalanine undergoes a secondary metabolic pathway and is converted into phenylpyruvate under the action of transaminase. Due to the reduced activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase in affected children, phenylalanine cannot be converted into tyrosine, leading to an extremely high concentration of phenylalanine in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues. This, through a bypass metabolic pathway, results in the production of a large amount of phenylpyruvate, phenylacetate, phenyllactate, and p-hydroxyphenylacetate. The high concentration of phenylalanine and its metabolic products then leads to brain damage, which is the cause of the disease.
Is the incidence of phenylketonuria high?
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease and is the most common congenital amino acid metabolic disorder. The main clinical manifestations include distinctive features such as intellectual disability, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a mouse-like urine odor, which is named after the large amounts of phenylketone acid metabolites excreted in the urine. The incidence of this disease varies by race and region, and the overall incidence in China is approximately 1:11,000, meaning one in eleven thousand. The incidence is higher in the northern population than in the southern population, though it is not particularly high.
How is hand, foot, and mouth disease transmitted?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enteroviral infections. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that can cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, but the most common are Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71. The main clinical symptoms include pain in the mouth, anorexia, low fever, and the appearance of small vesicles or ulcers on the hands, feet, mouth, and other areas. Most children can recover in about a week, but a few may develop serious complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema, and aseptic meningitis. The general transmission routes are through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and close contact, such as through droplets, sharing utensils, and hand-to-mouth contact, etc.
Newborn pneumonia symptoms
If a newborn gets pneumonia, it can manifest as coughing, although some newborns may not cough at all, showing only symptoms like spitting white foam. Some may have a mild fever, while others may experience slightly rapid breathing. More severe cases can present with cyanosis of the lips, unhealthy-looking facial complexion, or a bluish purple facial color. These are signs of severe pneumonia. Additionally, there might be a decrease in urine output, poor responsiveness, etc. The symptoms of pneumonia in newborns are relatively less typical than those in older infants and toddlers.
Is Mycoplasma infection in children contagious?
Is mycoplasma infection in children contagious? Mycoplasma infection is a type of respiratory pathogen. It is generally transmitted through coughing and sneezing, directly via the upper respiratory tract, and can be contagious through close contact at short distances. Therefore, mycoplasma is contagious and has infectious properties. However, it is not classified as a communicable disease and its infectiousness is relatively weak compared to others. It is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, and everyday activities such as drinking and eating do not spread the infection.
What should I do if my baby gets keratitis?
Infants with keratitis should visit the hospital for an examination as soon as possible. Some children might not cooperate well, requiring experienced doctors to assist in the examination to determine the cause and provide symptomatic treatment. Concurrently, etiological treatment should be administered. Initially, local antibiotics should be used for anti-infection treatment. If the keratitis is caused by a viral infection, antiviral medication can be appropriately used. If the condition worsens, the patient should be checked once a day or once every two days. Once there is an improvement, a follow-up check is generally required every three days. Additionally, it is important to monitor for any corneal damage, and if necessary, medications for corneal repair should be used.
Can baby eczema cause fever?
Does infant eczema cause fever? Generally, this is not the case. Eczema is an allergic disease, characterized by the appearance of rashes on the skin due to an allergic reaction; fever typically does not occur in this case. If a baby develops a fever, the first consideration should be whether it is a cold. The second consideration should be whether there are any other infections present. Fever is generally considered to be caused by infectious factors, such as bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc. Therefore, it is essential to identify the pathogen and determine the cause of the fever.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is spread through:
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enteroviruses. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that can cause the disease, among which Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 are the most common. It frequently occurs in children under the age of 5 and manifests as mouth pain, loss of appetite, low fever, and small blisters or ulcers on the hands, feet, and mouth. Most affected children can recover within about a week. The main routes of transmission for hand, foot, and mouth disease can include the gastrointestinal tract, as well as respiratory transmission, and close contact such as through saliva, cough droplets, etc. Sharing utensils can also spread the disease.
What should I do if I find out my child is maturing early?
Interventional treatment for precocious puberty varies according to different causes. In principle, once diagnosed with central precocious puberty, aggressive pharmacological treatment is recommended, using inhibitory hormones to suppress development to pre-pubertal levels and inhibit further development of the ovaries and uterus. For peripheral precocious puberty or pseudoprecocious puberty, the cause must be removed. Clinically, if a child accidentally ingests their mother's contraceptive pills causing transient vaginal bleeding, it is essential to carefully inquire about the medical history, thoroughly understand the cause, and determine the treatment method. Also, ask if there has been any special dietary intake recently, including foods or drinks high in estrogen, and if so, remove the cause for treatment.