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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
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Symptoms of tuberculosis in children
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can affect various organs throughout the body, but pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common. Initially, symptoms typically include some signs of tuberculosis toxicity, such as prolonged low-grade fever accompanied by coughing. Sometimes the coughing is not severe and may be mild, but in some cases, severe coughing can lead to hemoptysis and other conditions. Night sweats are also common, generally presenting with afternoon low-grade fever and night sweating, along with general fatigue, loss of appetite, difficulty eating, and weight loss.
Baby eczema treatment methods
Eczema in babies is a common problem, generally caused by allergies. To address allergies, it's important to identify the cause. Common triggers in babies include food, with cow's milk allergies being frequent, as well as contact with certain substances. Some babies who often spit up milk can develop eczema around the lips. If the allergen is identified, it is best to avoid contact with it. Topical medications can also be used, with commonly prescribed treatments including Desonide ointment (use medications under the guidance of a doctor). Desonide is a steroid medication. If you prefer to avoid steroids, other options like Dandiphen ointment (use medications under the guidance of a doctor) are available, though they might not be as effective. As the child grows older, the eczema will gradually disappear, so parents need not worry overly.
Clinical symptoms of phenylketonuria
The clinical symptoms of phenylketonuria generally include normal appearance at birth, with symptoms usually appearing between three to six months, and becoming more pronounced by the age of one. The most noticeable initial symptoms involve the nervous system; delayed intellectual development is prominent, with intelligence often below normal, along with behavioral abnormalities such as hyperactivity, depression, restlessness, and withdrawal. There could be minor epileptic seizures, and in some cases, increased muscle tone or exaggerated tendon reflexes. Regarding the skin, several months after birth, due to insufficient melanin synthesis, the child’s hair changes from black to yellow, the skin appears pale, and eczema is also relatively common. Additionally, the urine and sweat contain higher levels of phenylacetic acid, which can result in a distinctive mouse-like urine odor.
How many days does a toddler's fever rash last?
Roseola infantum is a viral infectious disease, generally characterized by a fever that lasts about three days, followed by a rash. The rash typically appears after the fever subsides and gradually emerges, starting from the head and neck and spreading to the trunk and limbs, potentially affecting the entire body. The rash usually consists of congestive red maculopapular lesions, which may slowly fade after two to three days.
Symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a disease caused by enterovirus that results in sores on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks, accompanied by symptoms such as fever. It is generally caused by Enterovirus 71 or Coxsackievirus A16. Most cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease are typical and may involve fever, low fever, or no fever at all. However, common symptoms include sores in the mouth and on the pharynx, as well as on the hands, feet, and buttocks. The general course of the disease lasts five to seven days, but severe cases may last longer. Severe cases may present with symptoms such as listlessness, irritability, vomiting, and trembling limbs. More serious conditions can include microcirculatory disorders, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, neurogenic edema, and bleeding, among others.
What is the probability of phenylketonuria?
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder primarily caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene, leading to reduced enzyme activity and the accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites in the body, resulting in the disease. Phenylketonuria is the most common congenital amino acid metabolism disorder, with clinical manifestations mainly including intellectual developmental delays, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a mouse urine odor. The incidence of the disease varies by race and region. In China, the incidence of phenylketonuria is approximately 1 in 11,000, meaning that about one in 11,000 children suffers from phenylketonuria.
Can infants with eczema take baths?
Infant eczema is an allergic disease, and its skin can become secondarily infected, especially if cleanliness is not maintained, making it prone to bacterial infection. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to hygiene with eczema, and next, some anti-allergy medications should be used. If the body is very dirty, bathing is definitely possible. When bathing, it is important to ensure the water temperature is appropriate. If there are broken areas on the skin, it might be necessary to use boiled water, cooled to around 37 degrees Celsius, for bathing the baby, which is the best. Additionally, eczema can be treated topically with some ointments to promote its subsidence.
Is Tetralogy of Fallot serious?
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in children, accounting for about 10% of congenital heart diseases. It is a complex type of congenital heart condition, consisting of four defects: a ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Due to these four malformations, children will experience cyanosis, poor exercise tolerance, and may quickly become fussy or emotionally disturbed with physical activity. This can lead to noticeable worsening of dyspnea and cyanosis. They may also exhibit a preference for squatting, as squatting can decrease the return blood volume to the heart, increase systemic vascular resistance, and temporarily relieve hypoxic symptoms. Other symptoms include clubbing, paroxysmal hypoxia attacks which are more common in infants. These attacks can be triggered by crying, emotional excitement, anemia, infections, etc., and suddenly manifest as paroxysmal breathing difficulties. In severe cases, there can be fainting, convulsions, and even death. Therefore, these clinical manifestations are very serious, making this disease a significantly dangerous condition.
Which department should a child visit for a cold?
If a child has a cold and is being seen at a general hospital, it is advisable to visit the pediatrics department. However, if the child has a persistent high fever and the condition is urgent, a visit to the pediatric emergency department is recommended. If it's a children's specialty hospital, it would be advisable to visit the pediatric respiratory department, the emergency department, or the fever clinic. Generally, colds are caused by viral infections, though some are caused by bacterial infections. Most fevers can last from three to five days. Therefore, we should not be too hasty and should focus on symptomatic treatment.
What to do with measles in children?
Measles in children is a disease caused by a viral infection that leads to fever and rash. It is prone to complications such as pneumonia, as well as myocarditis, encephalitis, etc., so it is crucial to take measles seriously and seek medical attention promptly. Initially, antivirals can be administered, along with treatments to reduce heat and fever. If complications like pneumonia, myocarditis, or encephalitis occur, timely appropriate treatments should also be given. Furthermore, when a child contracts measles, it is important to avoid going out since it is an infectious disease that can easily spread to other children, thus outings should be temporarily avoided. During the rash phase, nursing care should be intensified, body temperature should be monitored, and attention should be paid to the child’s breathing, mental response, and other conditions. The diet should be light, allowing the child to eat more fruits and vegetables, and ensuring frequent changing of clothes and maintaining skin cleanliness and hygiene.