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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
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How to diagnose phenylketonuria?
Phenylketonuria is a treatable hereditary metabolic disease, where our primary goal is early diagnosis and treatment. Currently, a universal newborn screening system has been widely implemented. The standard procedure requires that after three days of breastfeeding, peripheral blood is collected from the newborn's heel, dropped onto specialized blood collection filter paper, and, once dried, sent to a screening laboratory to measure the phenylalanine concentration. If the phenylalanine concentration exceeds the cutoff value, further differential diagnosis and confirmation are conducted. Treatment typically starts two to three weeks after birth, and the prognosis is good. Additionally, diagnostic tests for phenylketonuria include urine ferric chloride, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine tests, urinary purine profile analysis, and tetrahydrobiopterin loading test. Another method is through DNA analysis.
What should be paid attention to regarding breastfeeding for children with roseola?
Roseola infantum, also known as exanthem subitum, is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by human herpesvirus type 6 or type 7. The main clinical manifestation is a sudden high fever that typically resolves after 3 to 5 days, followed by a rash. The rash, usually a skin rash, dissipates after about 2 days. If the child is breastfed, breastfeeding can continue. However, since it is a viral infection causing the fever and rash, the mother should consume a light and easily digestible diet to avoid burdening the baby's gastrointestinal tract. In addition, it is beneficial for the baby to drink plenty of warm water to aid in recovery from the illness.
Pertussis prone age group
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. The main age group affected by this disease are infants and young children, with the highest susceptibility seen in children under five years old, particularly infants younger than one year. The incidence of this disease has significantly decreased due to the widespread implementation of pertussis vaccination. Clinically, the disease is characterized by a cough that gradually worsens, presenting as typical paroxysmal, frequent coughing, and frothy sputum, with a crowing echo in the cough. The course of the disease can last up to three months.
Children's diarrhea is divided into two major categories.
Childhood diarrhea is categorized into infectious and non-infectious diarrhea. Common infectious diarrhea is caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Non-infectious diarrhea often includes allergic diarrhea, diarrhea caused by food intolerance, and diarrhea due to lactose intolerance. Less commonly, some malignant diseases can cause gastrointestinal dysfunction leading to diarrhea. Among children, infectious diarrhea is more prevalent, especially viral diarrhea caused by rotavirus during the summer and autumn seasons. Additionally, bacterial infections such as those caused by Escherichia coli and Shigella (bacterial dysentery), often related to poor hand hygiene, are examples of infectious diarrhea.
Clinical manifestations of pediatric diarrhea
Childhood diarrhea is caused by a variety of pathogens and factors, characterized primarily by diarrhea. Key features include increased stool frequency and changes in stool characteristics, possibly accompanied by fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and varying degrees of electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. The pathogens involved can be viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, etc. Additionally, factors like the misuse of antibiotics leading to intestinal flora imbalance, improper feeding, and getting chilled can also cause it. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe diarrhea. Generally, mild diarrhea primarily involves gastrointestinal symptoms and may accompany vomiting or poor appetite, with increased stool frequency and changes in stool characteristics, but no significant dehydration or systemic acidosis, usually recovering within a few days. Severe diarrhea is often an acute condition that can develop from mild diarrhea, presenting more severe gastrointestinal symptoms as well as noticeable dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and systemic toxicity symptoms such as fever, lethargy, drowsiness, and shock.
What temperature constitutes a high fever in baby roseola?
Roseola infantum is an acute febrile exanthematous disease caused by human herpesvirus type 6 or 7. Its characteristic is that after 3-5 days of fever, the body temperature suddenly drops, and rose-pink maculopapular rashes appear on the skin. The condition then improves, and if there are no complications, recovery can be swift. Thus, in the early stages of roseola infantum, high fever predominates, generally reaching temperatures around 39 degrees Celsius, or even exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. During the initial high fever, febrile convulsions can occur. Some patients may experience nausea, vomiting, coughing, and drowsiness, while others may exhibit symptoms like diarrhea and swollen, congested tonsils.
Can infantile eczema heal itself after crusting?
Infant eczema is a type of skin allergy. If an eczema patient develops crusty skin, it often indicates that the condition is improving. In this case, it is important to keep the skin clean and hygienic, avoid scratching the crusted areas with hands, and also ensure that the local skin is well-moisturized to prevent infections. However, this does not mean that eczema will stop occurring once it crusts over. Eczema is a recurrent disease, so even if it heals this time, it may still reappear in the same areas in the future.
What causes diarrhea and fever in children?
If a child has diarrhea accompanied by fever, it is generally considered to be infectious diarrhea, which includes both bacterial and viral infections. Common viral gastroenteritis is caused by rotavirus infection. Rotavirus infects the intestines, which can cause fever, vomiting, and diarrhea with frequent stooling, characterized by egg-flower or watery stools, and may also be accompanied by symptoms such as dry mouth and scanty urination. The treatment mainly focuses on fluid replenishment and symptomatic supportive care. There is also bacterial gastroenteritis, such as colitis caused by Escherichia coli infection and bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella infection, which can present with fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody stools.
Can phenylketonuria be prevented?
Phenylketonuria belongs to a recessive hereditary metabolic disease; how can we take preventive measures? First, we must avoid consanguineous marriages. Second, we need to conduct newborn screening to achieve early diagnosis, early detection, and early treatment. Third, for pregnant women with a family history of this disease, it is mandatory to use DNA analysis or methods like amniotic fluid testing for prenatal diagnosis of their fetuses. Prevention is better than cure. By taking preventive measures early, the chances of complications occurring are greatly reduced. If a baby shows symptoms of newborn phenylketonuria, parents should not take it lightly and should actively cooperate with the treatment.
Can children with roseola go outside?
Roseola infantum, also known as exanthema subitum, is caused by human herpesvirus type 6 or type 7. It is an acute febrile infectious disease that evolves over time. The fever may last three to five days. It's important to keep warm, especially in winter, as failure to do so can worsen the child's condition. However, going out is generally fine as long as proper precautions are taken to avoid aggravating the child's illness. Still, it is crucial to intensify care, maintain a light diet, and provide a quiet and comfortable environment for the child, all of which are beneficial for recovery.