Differences between Thyroid Cysts and Nodules

Written by Zhang Li
Endocrinology
Updated on September 20, 2024
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Thyroid cysts and thyroid nodules are different. Generally, thyroid nodules are classified into solid nodules, mixed nodules, and cystic nodules. Most thyroid cysts refer to cystic nodules of the thyroid, meaning that the nodules primarily contain fluid components. Usually, these thyroid cysts are nonfunctional. That is, they contain some fluid, which could be exudate or bloody fluid, but these fluids generally do not cause hormonal level changes. Nodules, on the other hand, often involve functional changes; they can be nodules that produce thyroid hormones or could be cancerous nodules. Therefore, in these respects, thyroid cysts and nodules are different.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
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Will thyroid cysts recur after surgery?

Thyroid cysts refer to fluid-filled sac-like structures that occur in the thyroid gland. Typically, thyroid cysts do not exhibit any clinical symptoms. However, if they continue to grow, there is a risk of bleeding within the cyst. Therefore, when the cyst is larger than 3 centimeters, surgical treatment is often recommended. Generally, surgical removal is quite safe and reliable, and the prognosis after surgery is usually good with a low risk of recurrence. However, there is still a chance of recurrence, and if it recurs, surgery can be conducted again. Hence, thyroid cysts are relatively mild and benign lesions. If the cyst is smaller than 3 centimeters, alcohol sclerotherapy can also be performed.

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Written by Zhang Li
Endocrinology
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Do thyroid cysts require surgery?

Thyroid cysts are relatively common in clinical practice. Whether surgery is necessary depends on two factors. On one hand, it depends on whether the cyst is malignant. If the ultrasound reveals small calcifications within the cyst, or other signs of malignancy, then a fine needle aspiration of the thyroid should be carried out for a pathological examination. If the cyst is confirmed to be malignant, surgery is generally recommended. However, if the examination indicates that the thyroid cyst is benign with a low malignancy level, surgery is usually not required. However, if the thyroid cyst is large, affects appearance, causes significant swallowing difficulties or hinders neck movement, surgery can also be considered.

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Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
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Are thyroid cysts contagious?

Thyroid cysts are not contagious. They are fluid-filled sacs within the thyroid gland, usually presenting as a single nodule, although in some cases multiple nodules can occur. Typically, thyroid cysts are asymptomatic unless the cyst becomes large or bleeds internally. In such cases, symptoms such as pain, difficulty swallowing, breathing difficulties, and a hoarse voice may occur. Thyroid cysts are considered a local endemic disease primarily caused by iodine deficiency, leading to thyroid hyperplasia and enlargement. Thyroid cysts represent a degenerative change. Therefore, thyroid cysts are not contagious.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
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Can people with thyroid cysts eat sea fish?

The exact cause of thyroid cysts is not very clear, but some scholars believe it is related to iodine metabolism. Therefore, in areas where iodine is particularly lacking or particularly abundant, the incidence of thyroid cysts tends to increase. Hence, the diet should avoid both too low and too high iodine intake. As for eating sea fish, occasional consumption should be acceptable. However, eating sea fish daily may lead to excessive iodine intake, potentially causing further development of the cysts.

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Written by Chen Xie
Endocrinology
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Foods to avoid with thyroid cysts

For patients with thyroid cysts, it is necessary to first understand the patient's thyroid function, whether it is normal, overactive, or underactive. For patients with thyroid cysts who also have hyperthyroidism, a diet avoiding iodine is still necessary, as excessive iodine intake can significantly affect their hyperthyroid condition, therefore they need to consume iodine-free food. However, for patients with normal thyroid function or those with hypothyroidism, a normal diet is appropriate, and there is no need to avoid iodine. It is also recommended that they avoid smoking and alcohol in their daily life.