What are the symptoms of acute mastitis?

Written by Lin Yang
Breast Surgery
Updated on September 17, 2024
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During the onset of acute mastitis, symptoms often include high fever and chills, and the affected breast may enlarge and become firm, with throbbing pain that becomes more apparent during breastfeeding. This is usually accompanied by an increase in local skin temperature, redness and swelling, and tenderness. If the area softens over a short period, an abscess may have formed. If the infection is not controlled, it can lead to systemic infection or sepsis. Patients often have swollen lymph nodes, and blood tests show elevated neutrophil counts in white blood cells.

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Written by Lin Yang
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Acute mastitis is caused by what?

Mastitis is generally considered to be caused by the accumulation of milk, which occurs during breastfeeding when the posture or unintentional actions by the child cause damage to the milk ducts, leading to an accumulation of milk within them. Since milk serves as an excellent culture medium, this can lead to bacterial infection. The second point is that if there are cracks or fissures on the nipple, bacteria can infect in reverse, leading to significant infections by Staphylococcus aureus, which can also cause mastitis. The third point concerns a weakened immune system, for example due to mental stress or lack of sleep. These are the main causes of acute mastitis.

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The causes of acute mastitis include

The causes of mastitis are firstly bacterial invasion and secondly the accumulation of milk. The accumulation of milk mainly occurs during breastfeeding, due to the position of holding the child or unintentional bumps by the child, which cause damage to the milk ducts, constriction of the ducts, leading to a large amount of milk being trapped inside the ducts. Since milk is an excellent culture medium, it results in bacterial growth. Bacterial invasion usually occurs through cracked or fissured nipples, allowing bacteria to enter the milk ducts and into the breast tissue, causing mastitis. Another situation is a decrease in the body's immune system, for example, due to poor sleep or emotional stress. These are the main causes of acute mastitis.

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Methods for reducing swelling in acute mastitis

Methods for reducing swelling in acute mastitis: First, determine whether the acute mastitis is caused by milk stasis or by bacterial invasion and decreased immune resistance. If it is simply due to milk stasis, nursing can still be continued if the symptoms are mild and the lesion is not severe. However, the affected breast should not be used for nursing, and a breast pump can be used to extract the milk. If the condition is caused by bacteria, it is recommended to apply local moist heat. Penicillin and other saline can be injected around the inflammation. Systemic antibiotics, such as penicillin or cephalosporins, can be used. However, since antibiotics can be secreted into the milk and affect the infant, the use of tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and sulfa drugs should be avoided.

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How to reduce fever in acute mastitis

For fever in acute mastitis, it is first recommended to obtain a complete blood test to check if white blood cells and neutrophils are elevated. Of course, there are basic conservative methods and medication treatments for fever reduction. The conservative approach includes drinking plenty of water, preferably warm. Secondly, local application of magnesium sulfate can be used, with concentrations ranging from 33%-50%. During hot weather, it can be applied directly as a wet compress on the inflamed breast. It is important to thoroughly clean the breast, especially the nipple, before breastfeeding to prevent the baby from ingesting magnesium sulfate, which can cause diarrhea in infants. Thirdly, if the blood test shows an increase in white blood cells and neutrophils, intravenous antibiotics are used, commonly referred to by people as anti-inflammatory injections. Using antibacterial medications at this time can rapidly reduce fever. The fourth method is to temporarily use fever-reducing medications, which, along with magnesium sulfate, are available at pharmacies. However, for antibiotics, it is best to go to a hospital.

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How many days does it take for the fever from acute mastitis to go away?

The fever associated with acute mastitis can subside within a few days, but it needs to be evaluated through ultrasound and a complete blood count; these tests can be performed in the breast department of a standard hospital. If the blood count exceeds 10,000, temporary fever reduction is possible, but inflammation can cause fever to recur. In such cases, local warm and moist compresses are recommended, and injections of saline combined with penicillin can be administered to help reduce inflammation. Systemic antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins can be used. Since antibiotics can be secreted into breast milk and affect infants, the use of tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfa drugs, and metronidazole should be avoided. After three days of intravenous treatment, a follow-up complete blood count should be conducted to determine whether anti-inflammatory symptomatic treatment should be discontinued.