"Malignant thyroid nodules" means what?

Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
Updated on November 23, 2024
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Thyroid nodules are assessed under ultrasound with a grading system, and if rated at level three or higher, they tend to be more likely to be malignant. The most common malignancy in thyroid nodules is thyroid cancer. Among all types of tumors, thyroid cancer tends to grow slowly and is relatively less malignant. Therefore, if an ultrasound suggests a high likelihood of malignancy in a thyroid nodule, further examinations should be conducted. This can include a fine needle aspiration biopsy, thyroid contrast-enhanced ultrasound, or even direct surgical removal of the malignant nodule for further pathological examination to determine whether it is benign or malignant. Since the degree of malignancy of thyroid nodules is relatively low compared to other malignant tumors, a high grading score on a thyroid nodule should not be overly worrying. It is advisable to proceed with formal medical checks and regular follow-ups, as the five-year survival rate is quite high, exceeding 80%.

Other Voices

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Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
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How to treat thyroid nodules calcification.

The treatment of thyroid nodule calcification in clinical practice is based on the size of the calcification lesions. Because large calcified thyroid nodules have a very small possibility of malignancy, the routine clinical approach is to continue observation and perform cytological examination through thyroid fine-needle aspiration. For small calcified thyroid nodules, which have a higher likelihood of malignancy, active surgical treatment is usually adopted. During surgery, the next steps of the treatment plan are determined based on the pathological findings.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo
Nephrology and Endocrinology
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Do thyroid nodules affect pregnancy?

This decision should be based on the nature of the thyroid nodules. If the thyroid nodule is benign, pregnancy generally will not be affected, and it is possible to conceive. However, if the patient has malignant thyroid nodules, I would advise against rushing into pregnancy. Firstly, prioritize treating the malignant thyroid nodules promptly. If you become pregnant during this time, the risks associated with surgery and medications for both the pregnant mother and the fetus are very high. Nevertheless, after receiving timely and standardized treatment and once the patient's condition has stabilized, it is possible to conceive. However, it should be noted that surgery may lead to reduced thyroid function. In the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the fetus relies on the mother for thyroid hormone supply. If the mother's thyroid hormone levels are too low, it can lead to delayed fetal development, and even abnormal brain development, resulting in a baby born with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, women with a history of thyroid disease should develop a treatment plan under the joint collaboration of an endocrinologist and an obstetrician-gynecologist.

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Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
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How long does thyroid nodule surgery take?

This depends on individual circumstances. Generally, when performing thyroid surgery, there are two methods: open and minimally invasive, though the treatment procedures are largely similar. For nodules, we first need to determine their nature. If they are benign, then removal within a certain range during surgery may suffice. However, if intraoperative freezing suggests malignancy, then we face the issue of lymph node dissection, which could significantly prolong the duration of the surgery.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo
Nephrology and Endocrinology
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Does thyroid nodule puncture hurt?

Fine needle aspiration is an invasive examination, but it is currently an important and most efficient method for assessing benign and malignant conditions, generally conducted under ultrasound guidance. Thyroid nodule aspiration does not cause much pain, similar to that of an injection. Anesthetics are used during the procedure, so the pain is not very noticeable. However, as the effect of the anesthetic wears off, there may still be some pain at the puncture site, but the patients do not need to carry a heavy psychological burden.

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Written by Chen Xie
Endocrinology
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The difference between thyroid enlargement and thyroid nodules

Thyroid enlargement generally refers to simple thyroid enlargement, which is typically diffuse thyroid enlargement, mainly caused by iodine deficiency, commonly seen in endemic goiter and physiological thyroid enlargement. Thyroid nodules, on the other hand, are nodular hyperplasia of the thyroid caused by certain physical and chemical factors. Thyroid nodules can manifest as benign hyperplasia or malignant hyperplasia. Therefore, the risks associated with thyroid nodules are relatively greater than those of thyroid enlargement. However, some patients with thyroid enlargement, as the disease progresses, can develop nodular hyperplasia of the thyroid. These are the differences between the two.