Hyperuricemia Typing

Written by Lin Xiang Dong

Endocrinology

Updated on September 05, 2024

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Hyperuricemia can usually be divided into two types: primary hyperuricemia and secondary hyperuricemia. The first type, primary hyperuricemia, is mainly due to congenital purine metabolic disorders, leading to excessive production of uric acid in the body, which then causes hyperuricemia. Secondary hyperuricemia is caused by a variety of acute and chronic diseases, such as common chronic renal failure, and hematological tumors, among others.

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Written by Li Hui Zhi

Endocrinology

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How should one with hyperuricemia adjust their diet?

For the diet of hyperuricemia, it is generally recommended to follow a low-purine diet. What is a low-purine diet? First, try to avoid consuming seafood, animal organs, and other seafood products that contain high purines. Second, it is advised to abstain from alcohol, especially spirits and beer, and it is best not to drink them at all. Third, drink plenty of water, ensuring a daily intake of at least 1500 to 2000 milliliters. Fourth, it is also recommended to avoid consuming traditional long-cooked soups and hotpots.

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Written by Li Hui Zhi

Endocrinology

49sec

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Hyperuricemia and Its Complications

Hyperuricemia mainly refers to the elevation of uric acid levels in the blood, with levels exceeding 420 umol/l in males and 360 umol/l in females being diagnostic criteria. Some patients with hyperuricemia may not show symptoms, but if not controlled, complications can arise such as gouty arthritis, which manifests as local joint redness, swelling, heat, and pain, and even limited mobility. If it affects the kidneys, it leads to gouty kidney, which is characterized by abnormal kidney function and elevated creatinine levels. Therefore, if diagnosed with hyperuricemia, it is advisable to control diet, drink plenty of water, and seek timely medical treatment.

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Written by Li Hui Zhi

Endocrinology

55sec

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What foods should be avoided with hyperuricemia?

Hyperuricemia generally requires a low-purine diet. So, what foods should be avoided? First, seafood and sea fish, as they have a high purine content and should not be consumed. Second, avoid animal organs like chicken and duck kidneys. Third, abstain from alcohol, especially strong spirits and beer, which tend to raise uric acid levels, so it's recommended to avoid them. Fourth, it is advised not to consume long-cooked broths, such as those commonly enjoyed in Guangdong where the broth is simmered for several hours, as these also have high purine content. Fifth, limit intake of some bean products and various mushrooms, as these should also be consumed minimally.

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Written by Li Hui Zhi

Endocrinology

40sec

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What are the harms of hyperuricemia?

What are the dangers of hyperuricemia? First, it primarily causes gouty arthritis, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain in certain joints, along with limited movement. For some people, the pain can be extremely unbearable. Second, long-term high levels of uric acid can damage the kidneys, leading to impaired kidney function. Third, these purines deposit in the joints forming gout stones, further affecting the function of these joints and reducing the quality of life. Therefore, it is important to treat hyperuricemia early to prevent complications.

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun

Endocrinology

1min 20sec

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Pre-symptomatic hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia in the preclinical phase can be asymptomatic, only showing fluctuating or persistent hyperuricemia during blood tests. From the increase in uric acid to the onset of symptoms, it can generally take several years to decades. Additionally, some changes in the kidneys due to the deposition of uric acid can cause manifestations of gouty nephropathy. Early stages may present intermittent proteinuria and increased urine foam. As the condition progresses, the kidney's concentrating ability may decrease, resulting in increased nighttime urination. Further progression can lead to renal insufficiency, elevated creatinine and urea nitrogen, and possibly swelling and hypertension. In severe cases, acute renal failure may occur, showing symptoms of oliguria or anuria. This type of uric acid nephropathy is primarily due to the deposition in the kidneys, causing episodes of kidney stones and back pain, with stone episodes also accompanied by hematuria. Therefore, the main presentations are associated with the deposition of uric acid in the kidneys during the preclinical phase of hyperuricemia.