What are the symptoms of periodontitis?

Written by Li Bao Hua
Dentistry
Updated on September 26, 2024
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Periodontitis stems from the further development of gingivitis, sharing many symptoms, including gum redness, congestion, and pain when eating. Additionally, periodontitis can cause teeth to become loose, and in severe cases, lead to tooth loss. There is also the presence of a periodontal ligament condition. Generally, gingivitis corresponds to a pseudo periodontal ligament while periodontitis involves the actual periodontal ligament due to the resorption of the alveolar bone—this distinction is crucial in differentiating gingivitis from periodontitis. Periodontitis features true periodontal ligament formation concurrent with the resorption of the jawbone. Dietary precautions for periodontitis include avoiding hard foods and not chewing hard objects to prevent resorption of the alveolar bone in the root apex area.

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Written by Li Bao Hua
Dentistry
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How is periodontitis treated at the dentist?

The treatment plan for periodontitis and caries requires first taking an X-ray to understand the severity of the periodontitis. If the periodontitis is not severe and is merely inflammation of the gum tissue, characterized by red, swollen gums, pus discharge, or bleeding, this situation can be addressed by dental cleaning to remove local irritants, followed by medicated rinsing around the gums to improve inflammation. If the periodontitis is more severe, involving absorption of the alveolar bone, then guided bone regeneration procedures are necessary. After basic treatment of the periodontitis, the teeth enter a maintenance phase, requiring regular follow-up visits.

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Dentistry
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Is periodontal disease the same as periodontitis?

Periodontal disease includes periodontitis, but periodontal disease covers a much broader range than periodontitis. Periodontium is the supporting tissue of the teeth, which includes the gums, alveolar bone, and dental cementum, so the scope of periodontal disease is very broad, while periodontitis is just a branch of periodontal disease. Periodontitis is caused by tartar, soft plaque, or dental plaque around the teeth, which if not promptly removed by teeth cleaning, can lead to congested gums or bleeding during brushing. Severe cases can cause absorption of the alveolar bone. Once destructive absorption of the alveolar bone occurs, teeth will become loose and may even fall out. It can also be said that periodontitis is a severe stage in the further development of periodontal disease.

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Is gum recession the same as periodontitis?

Gingival recession is not true periodontitis. Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal supporting tissues, primarily clinically manifested as gingivitis or periodontitis. Gingivitis is an early stage of periodontitis, characterized by bleeding during brushing or eating, disappearance of the normal shape or state of the gums, and symptoms such as red and swollen gums, pus discharge, and disappearance of the papillae. The presence of dental calculus, soft plaque, and bacterial plaque around the teeth are stimulants, suggesting these are indicators of periodontitis. Gingival recession may be a temporary phenomenon due to reasons such as occlusion. Severe gingival recession can cause exposure of the tooth root surfaces, leading to sensitivity of the roots. If periodontitis has already caused the teeth to become loose, it is necessary to promptly proceed with guided bone regeneration.

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What to do after tooth extraction due to periodontitis?

After tooth extraction due to periodontitis, it is necessary to promptly fit a dental prosthesis. Periodontitis generally involves significant loss of the alveolar bone, leading to tooth mobility and even loss. After extracting a tooth due to periodontitis, it is essential first to observe for three months. After three months, once the absorption of the alveolar bone stabilizes, dental prosthesis can be performed. Temporary restorative measures, such as using temporary teeth, are also an option during this period. Temporary teeth generally require fitting with a permanent prosthesis after three months, at which point the temporary teeth are discarded. After fitting a permanent prosthesis, it is important to avoid hard foods since the jawbone conditions are not ideal due to periodontitis, and chewing hard objects could accelerate the absorption of the alveolar bone. Therefore, after tooth extraction due to periodontitis, temporary teeth can be worn for three months before permanent prosthetic treatment is carried out.

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Does periodontitis need treatment?

Gingivitis is an inflammatory reaction of the tissues surrounding the teeth, clinically manifested as gingivitis or periodontitis. Symptoms include bleeding while eating or brushing teeth. Periodontitis needs to be treated early and can be managed by dental cleaning to remove local irritative factors. Dental calculus is divided into supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus. Supragingival calculus can be removed by dental cleaning, while subgingival calculus requires subgingival scaling. Early treatment of periodontitis can preserve the teeth; if not treated promptly, periodontitis may further lead to the resorption of the alveolar bone, requiring tooth extraction in severe cases.