What are the symptoms of respiratory failure?

Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
Updated on September 28, 2024
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Respiratory failure is a common critical condition in clinical settings. At the stage of respiratory failure, patients often experience severe discomfort and pain. Common symptoms include difficulty breathing, with many patients showing obvious respiratory distress, often needing to sit upright to breathe, profuse sweating, and an inability to continue normal activity. Additionally, cyanosis can occur, indicating very severe hypoxia. Symptoms of pulmonary encephalopathy, such as mental confusion, convulsions, and agitation, may also appear. In severe cases, patients may even fall into a coma. Hence, at the stage of respiratory failure, patients suffer considerably.

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Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
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Treatment principles for respiratory failure

Respiratory failure is a common emergency condition in the respiratory system, with patients often experiencing significant breathing difficulties, cyanosis, etc. So, what are the principles of treatment for respiratory failure? The overall principles of treatment are to enhance respiratory support, including maintaining airway patency, correcting hypoxia through oxygen therapy, and improving ventilation with the use of ventilators, among other measures. Additionally, it is important to intensify treatment of the causes and inducers of respiratory failure, such as controlling infections. Attention should also be paid to general supportive treatment, such as nutritional support, correcting electrolyte imbalances, etc., as well as protecting other vital organs, like the liver and kidneys.

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Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
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What are the symptoms of respiratory failure?

Respiratory failure is a common and serious condition in clinical settings, often categorized as an acute and critical illness. Simply put, respiratory failure occurs when respiratory function is extremely poor. It is caused by severe impairment of pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange due to various reasons. Even at rest, sufficient gas exchange cannot be maintained, leading to serious hypoxemia or concurrent hypercapnia. Clinically, this often presents with severe breathing difficulties, hypoxia, cyanosis, and requires immediate intervention to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.

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Written by Peng Miao Yun
Internal Medicine
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How to treat respiratory failure?

Treatment of patients with respiratory failure is primarily medical, focusing on suppressing or relieving the causes and triggers of respiratory failure, improving lung ventilation and gas exchange as much as possible, and treating and improving the function and condition of various vital organs. First, it is important to actively treat the primary disease causing respiratory failure. If there is a concurrent bacterial infection, sensitive antibiotics should be used, and triggers should be removed as much as possible. Simultaneously, maintaining airway patency and effective ventilation volume is necessary, which can involve administering bronchodilators and expectorants such as salbutamol, terbutaline sulfate, acetylcysteine, and ambroxol. When necessary, corticosteroids can be administered intravenously. If internal medicine treatment does not improve symptoms, tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation may be necessary to assist breathing. (Medications should be taken under the guidance of a physician, based on the actual situation.)

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Written by Wang Xiang Yu
Pulmonology
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Is respiratory failure contagious?

First, it's important to understand what respiratory failure is. Respiratory failure is a syndrome, not a disease, meaning it can result from many causes. For instance, airway obstruction, lung tissue pathology, diseases of the pulmonary vessels, and diseases of the thorax and pleura, as well as neuromuscular diseases, can all lead to impaired ventilation or gas exchange in the lungs. This impairment makes it impossible for the body to maintain adequate gas exchange even in a resting state, resulting in hypoxemia, with or without hypercapnia, which is referred to as respiratory failure. Therefore, there are many causes of respiratory failure, and some diseases are indeed contagious, such as SARS, H1N1, and H3N2. However, other causes, such as tumors or pulmonary embolism, are generally not contagious.

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Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
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How to administer oxygen for respiratory failure.

First, we should evaluate whether the patient has type I or type II respiratory failure based on arterial blood gas analysis. Type I respiratory failure is primarily characterized by low oxygen tension, indicating a state of hypoxia, with normal carbon dioxide tension, in which case high-flow oxygen therapy can be administered. In type II respiratory failure, both the oxygen tension is low and the carbon dioxide tension is high. In this case, only low-flow oxygen therapy should be given, or non-invasive ventilation, or endotracheal intubation connected to mechanical ventilation may be employed.