What are the symptoms of abdominal epilepsy?

Written by Yuan Jun Li
Neurology
Updated on March 01, 2025
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Patients with abdominal epilepsy can experience abdominal pain, and some may show symptoms of bloating, nausea, and vomiting, as well as diarrhea. Abdominal epilepsy is a type of epilepsy, commonly seen in children and adolescents. The symptoms generally recur and last mostly from three to five minutes. If the symptoms last more than five minutes, it is usually called a status epilepticus, and some antiepileptic drugs can be used to control the seizures. After an epileptic episode, an EEG might show spike-and-wave patterns. If the EEG is normal, a dynamic EEG can be conducted, which might increase the positive diagnostic rate for patients.

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Care for children during epileptic seizures

During an epileptic seizure, it is crucial to control the seizure promptly by using sedative and anticonvulsant medications. While administering these drugs, it is important to closely monitor for consistent breathing. Additionally, during a seizure, it is necessary to ensure that the airway remains clear, provide oxygen, and, if required, use mechanical ventilation to maintain airway patency. Prevent biting injuries to the tongue and position the head to one side so that secretions can flow out of the corner of the mouth, preventing reflux of stomach contents and risk of choking. Protect brain function and vital organs, and prevent cerebral edema. After the seizure has stopped, long-term administration of antiepileptic drugs should be continued to prevent recurrence.

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Is epilepsy easy to treat?

Epilepsy is a disease for which the cause can be identified in some patients, while in others it may remain unknown. Initially, it is important to investigate the cause of epilepsy. Moreover, if an individual experiences multiple seizures, medication intervention becomes necessary. The primary goal of drug treatment for epilepsy is to control it and prevent further seizures, since each seizure can cause brain cell damage, potentially leading to long-term effects like memory decline and slower reaction times. Therefore, active control of epilepsy through medication is crucial. Whether epilepsy can be completely cured depends on its underlying cause. In some cases, identifying and eliminating the cause may prevent further seizures. However, for some patients, even if the cause is identified, such as a past stroke or tumors that induce epilepsy, seizures may continue even after the tumor is removed. Meanwhile, for epilepsy of unknown origins, the approach is to control the condition using medication to minimize the occurrence of seizures as much as possible, though it is not guaranteed that seizures will not happen again in the future.

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What are the symptoms of epilepsy in children?

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder caused by various etiologies, characterized by repetitive, episodic, and transient central nervous system dysfunction due to abnormal and excessively synchronized discharges of brain neurons. The clinical manifestations of childhood epilepsy are complex and varied, commonly including loss of consciousness, localized or generalized muscular rigidity or clonic convulsions, and sensory abnormalities; there may also be abnormal behaviors, emotional and perceptual disturbances, memory changes, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

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Does epilepsy have symptoms when it is not causing seizures?

When epilepsy is not active, there are no symptoms. Patients mainly show recurrent epileptic seizures, usually lasting three to five minutes. After the seizure stops, the patient does not exhibit any symptoms or signs. Clinically, epilepsy is categorized into primary and secondary types. For primary epilepsy, if a patient experiences more than two episodes, routine use of anti-epileptic drugs is recommended. The choice of medication varies depending on the type of epilepsy. Typically, monotherapy is preferred initially. However, if monotherapy is ineffective or causes substantial side effects, a combination of two or more anti-epileptic drugs may be used to try to control the seizures. In cases of secondary epilepsy, which often has a clear cause, the primary focus is on treating the underlying condition. This includes long-term cerebrovascular diseases like cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, as well as conditions like encephalitis and brain tumors. Treatment should be tailored to the specific disease.

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What causes epilepsy in the elderly?

If a patient has no history of epilepsy but begins to experience epileptic seizures in old age, it is generally secondary epilepsy, also known as symptomatic epilepsy. All patients should have a clear cause, but with current diagnostic techniques, it is not always possible to find the cause. If the cause cannot be identified, it is called cryptogenic epilepsy. In such cases, it is generally necessary to improve diagnostic methods, such as cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cranial magnetic resonance angiography. The most common causes of epilepsy in the elderly are generally cerebrovascular disease, brain trauma, or encephalitis, and in some cases, brain tumors. Any disease that causes brain cell damage can potentially cause symptomatic epileptic seizures. If all imaging examinations fail to reveal any abnormalities, regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor for early-stage tumors that may not be detectable on imaging tests. Meanwhile, antiepileptic treatment should be administered, and routine blood tests, liver, and kidney functions should be regularly monitored.