What should I do about osteoporosis?

Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
Updated on January 25, 2025
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Once osteoporosis is diagnosed, the first step is to change lifestyle habits. For example, if someone likes to drink strong tea and coffee and dislikes exercise, these unhealthy habits should be changed. Additionally, it's beneficial to get more sun exposure, and to supplement the treatment with calcium and vitamin D. Then, it is necessary to visit the hospital and consult a specialized clinic for osteoporosis or the department of metabolic endocrinology for targeted medical intervention, to prevent the condition from worsening and avoid fractures.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
1min 22sec home-news-image

Causes of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is primarily characterized by a reduction in bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue microstructure, and increased bone fragility, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is a metabolic bone disease. Some cases are primary, also referred to as postmenopausal osteoporosis, which generally lacks specific causes and is mainly linked to estrogen deficiency. There is also a category known as secondary osteoporosis, which has a variety of causes, primarily secondary to metabolic endocrine disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, and growth hormone deficiency. Additionally, some hematologic disorders, such as leukemia and lymphoma, can lead to osteoporosis. There are also some less common or rare diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta and scurvy that can cause osteoporosis. Furthermore, long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants, can lead to osteoporosis. Kidney diseases, such as chronic renal failure and renal tubular acidosis, can also cause osteoporosis.

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Written by Na Hong Wei
Orthopedics
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Dietary taboos for osteoporosis

Dietary therapy for osteoporosis is an important treatment method. First, eat foods that are high in calcium. Second, consume high protein diets; third, moderately supplement vitamins. Avoid high-salt diets, because the main component of salt, sodium chloride, affects bone metabolism. Sodium chloride primarily increases the excretion of calcium, meaning that higher levels of sodium chloride lead to higher levels of calcium excretion. Therefore, high sodium diets can increase the amount of calcium excreted in urine; excessive intake of sodium chloride can lead to further loss of calcium. Thus, it is essential to focus on a low-sodium diet.

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Written by Wang Cheng Lin
Orthopedics
1min 20sec home-news-image

Differences between bone hyperplasia and osteoporosis

Bone hyperplasia and osteoporosis are quite different. Firstly, bone hyperplasia occurs due to long-term stress and degeneration of joints, including the lumbar spine, causing the bones around the joints to harden and proliferate, forming bone spurs. On the other hand, osteoporosis mainly results from decalcification and calcium deficiency, leading to weakened or porous bones. These bones are brittle and can easily fracture under trauma. As for the treatment of these two diseases, conservative treatment is mainly used for bone hyperplasia, such as acupuncture, physiotherapy, massage, oral blood-activating and pain-relieving medications, to alleviate local symptoms. Treatment for osteoporosis primarily involves oral medications, such as calcium supplements and vitamin D3, along with exposure to sunlight. Of course, some patients suffer from osteoporosis due to long-term disuse, as seen in patients with hemiplegia who are unable to walk for extended periods, leading to disuse osteoporosis. These patients also need to strengthen their routine functional exercises, such as undergoing suitable rehabilitation to enhance bone strength. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional physician.)

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Written by Xie Yi Song
Orthopedics
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Is osteoporosis easy to treat?

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and destruction of bone tissue microstructure, resulting in increased bone fragility, decreased bone strength, and susceptibility to fractures. It is a systemic metabolic disease. Its treatment includes the following aspects: supplementation with calcium and Vitamin D, and the use of medications that inhibit the activity of osteoclasts. Firstly, calcium supplementation is essential, along with Vitamin D, which promotes the absorption of calcium. Based on the severity of osteoporosis, stronger medications might be necessary, such as bisphosphonates or calcitonin. The choice of treatment plan depends on the severity of the patient's condition. Both bisphosphonates and calcitonin are used to inhibit the activity of osteoclasts. The specific duration of treatment for osteoporosis depends on the patient's condition; additionally, patients need to regularly check their bone density. If the bone density is up to standard, they may stop the medication as per the doctor’s advice and undergo regular check-ups. If a relapse occurs, prompt medical treatment is necessary. Thus, the duration of treatment for osteoporosis is relatively long, generally from six months to a year, or even longer.

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Written by Na Hong Wei
Orthopedics
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What are the symptoms of osteoporosis in women?

Symptoms of osteoporosis in women generally include the following: The first is pain, which can be localized back pain or generalized pain throughout the body. The second is spinal deformity, which is often manifested by bending and hunching over, as well as some individuals appearing shorter than before—these conditions are also caused by osteoporosis, leading to reduced bone strength and vertebral deformity. The third is brittle fractures, which occur because osteoporosis leads to a reduction in bone mass, making the bones less sturdy. Even a minor external force can cause a fracture, for example, a simple fall might result in a distal radius fracture. Thus, the basic symptoms of osteoporosis in women include pain, spinal deformity, and brittle fractures.