The difference between cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
Updated on September 27, 2024
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There is a significant difference between cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. For subarachnoid hemorrhage, the specific causes are mainly divided into two types. The first cause is due to trauma, violent strikes, car accidents, or falls from heights, leading to localized vascular rupture and extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage. It generally presents as obvious high-density shadows in the ventricular system or cisterns. The occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage often leads to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, neck stiffness, and positive meningeal irritation signs. The other situation is spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, most often due to intracranial aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. Cerebral hemorrhage is primarily due to hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, which is more likely to occur, mostly seen in the bilateral basal ganglia, presenting as localized high-density shadows.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
1min 13sec home-news-image

What is good to eat for subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is most commonly caused by an aneurysm. Once an aneurysm ruptures, it can lead to blood leaking into the subarachnoid space, causing severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, and other clinical symptoms. The onset is very sudden and the headaches can be extremely intense. It is crucial to treat aggressively and clamp the aneurysm as soon as possible. The diet for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage should include: First, it is essential to take anti-vasospasm medications, as subarachnoid hemorrhage can easily lead to arterial spasms. Calcium channel blockers should be used to prevent arterial spasms to avoid severe complications. Second, consume foods that aid in bowel movements, such as bananas, apples, and oranges. It is vital for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage to maintain regular bowel movements, and these foods can help. Third, eat high-quality proteins to strengthen the body and prevent complications. This can include fish, lean meats, beef, and drinking milk.

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
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Symptoms and signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The typical symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage include headache, vomiting, and sudden severe pain, accompanied by vomiting, pale complexion, and whole-body cold sweats. Additionally, there may be disturbances in consciousness and psychiatric symptoms. Most patients do not experience disturbances in consciousness, but may exhibit restlessness and agitation. Severe cases can show varying degrees of clouded consciousness, and even coma, with a few instances displaying seizures and psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, signs of meningeal irritation are also present, particularly common and pronounced in young and middle-aged patients, characterized by neck stiffness, headaches, and vomiting.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage: how to treat?

Subarachnoid hemorrhage, the most common cause of which is due to the rupture of an aneurysm. The rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to blood entering the subarachnoid space, causing corresponding clinical symptoms. Patients may experience severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, accompanied by significant restlessness, and may also develop complications such as cerebral vasospasm, hydrocephalus, which can be life-threatening. The treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage mainly includes: First, it is recommended to promptly complete a full cerebral angiography. If an aneurysm is found, interventional embolization of the aneurysm may be administered. Second, the patient should be advised to rest in bed and maintain emotional stability. Some sedative medications should be given to the patient. Additionally, calcium channel blockers should be administered to prevent cerebral vasospasm. Furthermore, electrolyte disturbances must be corrected to prevent severe complications such as hydrocephalus.

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Written by Li Ai Ping
Neurology
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What to do with a headache from subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Subarachnoid hemorrhage, the most typical symptom of which is headache, often manifests as a sudden severe throbbing or bursting pain. The pain may be localized to a specific area of the head, or it may affect the entire head or neck, and it generally persists continuously. If such a headache occurs, one should first rest in bed, avoid emotional excitement and exerting great force, such as coughing, shouting loudly, or straining during bowel movements, etc. If the pain is unbearable, one can ask a doctor for appropriate pain relief medication. However, if the headache suddenly worsens, one should be cautious of the condition deteriorating and should seek medical advice to investigate the cause of the worsening headache. One should not blindly request medication for pain relief, as it may mask the underlying condition.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Nursing Measures for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rather dangerous disease that develops very quickly, causing severe headaches, nausea, vomiting in patients, and this disease has a high probability of bleeding, potentially causing some cerebral vasospasm, leading to secondary thrombus formation. Besides prompt treatment and identifying the cause, such as clipping an aneurysm, nursing measures are also very important. Common nursing measures mainly include: First, it is essential to educate the patient to stay in bed and rest absolutely, as premature activity may cause the aneurysm to rupture and rebleed. Second, the patient must be instructed to maintain smooth bowel movements and a stable emotional state to prevent increased intracranial pressure and rebleeding due to emotional excitement or constipation. Third, the patient should be encouraged to drink more water and be given sufficient fluids to prevent cerebral vasospasm and low perfusion effects. Other nursing measures include stabilizing the patient's mood and providing sedation when necessary.