Early symptoms of esophageal cancer

Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
Updated on September 28, 2024
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The early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not very typical. In the early stages, there may be discomfort, a sensation of blockage, or burning and pinching feelings during swallowing. There might also be pain behind the breastbone. Other atypical gastrointestinal symptoms can include acid reflux, heartburn, belching, hiccups, and vomiting. However, as esophageal cancer progresses, the most typical symptom becomes difficulty swallowing, obstruction, and the sensation that swallowed items cannot pass down, including severe cases where even drinking water feels obstructed and leads to vomiting.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer?

The symptoms of esophageal cancer generally include progressive difficulty in swallowing, because the esophagus itself is a tubular cavity, similar to a water pipe. Esophageal cancer typically forms a tumor within this tubular cavity, creating an obstruction. Consequently, the most common symptoms include difficulty swallowing and a sensation of blockage during eating, since food must pass through the esophagus. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, heartburn, and pain below the breastbone. Moreover, the difficulty in swallowing generally worsens progressively, as the tumor grows from small to large, increasingly narrowing the esophagus and exacerbating the swallowing difficulties.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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How to treat esophageal cancer metastasis?

The metastasis of esophageal cancer involves several aspects. The first aspect is the metastasis of lymph nodes, including those around the esophagus. If the number of metastatic lymph nodes is small and the tumor's location is suitable for surgical removal, then surgery can still be considered. The second issue involves cases where there is lymph node metastasis but with a higher number and wider spread, making surgical treatment unfeasible. In such cases, radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be considered to treat the esophageal cancer. Of course, there are also some new methods available now, such as immunotherapy, which can be considered along with others. Also, to improve symptoms of esophageal stricture, using an esophageal stent to control the difficulty of swallowing associated with esophageal cancer is also possible.

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Written by Luo Peng
Thoracic Surgery
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Esophageal cancer screening methods

The screening methods for esophageal cancer primarily involve checks of the esophagus, including upper gastrointestinal barium meal and gastroscopy. Gastroscopy, in particular, is a relatively accurate method for examining patients. This is because during a gastroscopy, biopsy samples can be taken, and pathology can definitively determine whether cancer is present. There might be issues regarding whether a patient can undergo a gastroscopy as it requires significant patient tolerance. Therefore, depending on the patient's health condition, if a gastroscopy is not feasible, an upper gastrointestinal barium meal can be conducted first.

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Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
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What should I do about esophageal cancer?

Currently, effective treatments for esophageal cancer include surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Integrated treatment with surgery as the main approach is the primary method for treating esophageal cancer. This may include preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery, preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery, preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery, or direct surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. These are all major treatment methods for esophageal cancer. However, the choice of a personalized integrated treatment should be based on factors such as the stage of the disease, the location of the lesion, age, and physical condition.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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Esophageal cancer T3 belongs to which stage?

For the staging of esophageal cancer, it not only depends on the T stage, but also on the N and M stages. If we are just considering the T stage, it is T3. If there are no N0 and M0 stages, it is relatively early and surgery can be considered. However, if looking only at T3 and the N stage involves lymph node involvement (N1, N2, or N3), with regional or distant lymph node metastasis, then the staging of the esophageal cancer is relatively late. Furthermore, if there is an M stage, which indicates the presence of distant organ metastasis, then it is classified as advanced stage. Therefore, the T stage alone for esophageal cancer does not determine whether it is early, intermediate, or late stage. It is necessary to look in conjunction with the N and M stages to determine the overall staging.