Severe pancreatitis diagnostic criteria

Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
Updated on September 24, 2024
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Diagnostic criteria for severe pancreatitis:

First, based on the patient's clinical symptoms, symptoms such as restlessness, cold limbs, and mottled skin, indicative of shock, may appear.

Second, physical examination signs, such as rigid abdominal muscles indicative of a positive peritoneal irritation sign, and Grey Turner's sign may also be present.

Third, according to laboratory tests, the calcium levels generally significantly decrease, usually below 2 mmol/L, and elevated blood sugar levels greater than 11.2 mmol/L, typically without a history of diabetes. There may also be a sudden decrease in urine amylase.

Fourth, diagnostic abdominal paracentesis reveals ascitic fluid with high amylase activity.

Based on these points, severe pancreatitis can be considered.

Other Voices

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What medicine is used for pancreatitis?

In clinical practice, it is advised that patients with pancreatitis be hospitalized for treatment. The primary medications used during hospitalization mainly involve nutritional support, as patients with pancreatitis cannot eat and must refrain from ingesting food and water, necessitating the supplementation of water and electrolyte balance. Treatment primarily consists of using medications that reduce pancreatic secretion, such as choosing octreotide or similar drugs. Other drugs can be combined to inhibit pancreatic enzyme activity. However, while using these medications, it is important to consider using antibiotics to prevent infections in cases of pancreatitis. Overall, it is crucial to receive standardized treatment in a hospital for pancreatitis, as the condition can change rapidly and is relatively dangerous. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a doctor.)

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The difference between severe pancreatitis and mild pancreatitis

Generally speaking, mild pancreatitis is just a local inflammation of the pancreas, usually manifested as upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating — symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract. Severe pancreatitis, however, is much more serious than mild pancreatitis. In severe pancreatitis, not only is the pain in the local pancreas area more intense and the abdominal bloating more pronounced, but there is also a lot of effusion accumulating in the abdomen. Severe pancreatitis can also affect many other organs, such as the lungs, which are most commonly affected. It can lead to patients developing acute respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by severe hypoxemia, with many patients requiring mechanical ventilation treatment. Another organ that is commonly affected is the kidney, with many patients with severe pancreatitis experiencing acute renal failure, reduced urine output, or even anuria. Severe pancreatitis can also affect the heart, brain, and other organs, leading to functional abnormalities in these organs. Therefore, besides affecting the local pancreas, severe pancreatitis can involve other important organs, resulting in multiple organ dysfunctions.

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Rescue of severe pancreatitis

Severe pancreatitis involves severe illness impacting multiple systems and organs across the body. The rescue of severe pancreatitis should be based in the ICU, with multidisciplinary cooperation. The first step is early fluid resuscitation, with crystalloid solution preferred, and it should be rapidly completed within 48 hours of onset. The second step involves support for circulation and respiration. The third step involves the maintenance of organ functions and the use of blood purification treatments. Early use of blood purification in acute pancreatitis can remove inflammatory mediators, regulate immune dysfunctions, and protect organ functions, potentially extending the survival time of patients with severe pancreatitis. The fourth step includes monitoring intra-abdominal pressure and preventing and treating abdominal compartment syndrome. Further treatments mainly include the use of agents to inhibit pancreatic enzymes and platelet activation, as well as early jejunal nutrition. Additionally, prophylactic use of antibiotics is required, and in cases of biliary acute pancreatitis, ERCP or sphincterotomy should be performed. The final approach is surgical treatment, which is reserved for patients who do not respond to or have poor results from conservative treatment.

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
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Principles of Treatment for Severe Acute Pancreatitis

The treatment of severe pancreatitis requires care in an ICU, involving a multidisciplinary team. Early treatment of severe pancreatitis focuses on non-surgical management centered on organ function support, and sterile necrosis is preferably treated non-surgically. Surgical treatment is applied once necrotic infection occurs. Non-surgical treatment principally involves intensive care monitoring and mainly consists of fluid replacement, maintenance of electrolyte and acid-base balance, energy support, and prevention of local and systemic complications. Additionally, current non-surgical treatments for severe pancreatitis include bedside blood filtration, abdominal lavage, etc. Moreover, minimally invasive treatments are supplementary methods for managing severe pancreatitis, including biliary drainage, minimally invasive techniques, and treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. Surgical intervention, involving the removal of necrotic tissue, is necessary during the infection phase.

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Written by Wang Li Bing
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Principles of Treatment for Severe Pancreatitis

The treatment principles for severe pancreatitis mainly include the following points: First, closely monitor the patient's heartbeat, respiration, blood pressure, blood oxygen, etc., and if possible, transfer them to the intensive care unit. Second, maintain electrolyte balance and blood volume, and actively rehydrate. Third, enhance nutritional support, which can include parenteral nutrition outside of gastrointestinal digestion. Fourth, routinely use antibiotics in severe pancreatitis to prevent infection from necrotizing pancreatitis. Fifth, reduce the secretion of pancreatic fluid, inhibit the synthesis of pancreatic enzymes, and suppress the activity of pancreatic enzymes. If the patient develops an infection associated with pancreatic necrosis, consider surgical treatment, etc.