How is heart failure treated?

Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
Updated on September 11, 2024
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Heart failure is very common in clinical settings. The main treatments include strengthening the heart, diuresis, and vasodilation for symptomatic treatment. A mask or high-flow oxygen can be used if the patient's heart failure symptoms are difficult to correct, or if cardiogenic shock occurs. Aortic balloon counterpulsation and tracheal intubation can be adopted, with ventilator support for ventilation, and blood dialysis and other symptomatic supportive treatments can be used. Another point is to actively control or eliminate the causes of heart failure, etc.

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Written by Liu Ying
Cardiology
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Late-stage symptoms of heart failure

The most common symptom of late-stage heart failure is dyspnea, which is often persistent. Even in a resting state, there can be shortness of breath. Mild activities, such as eating and urination, can exacerbate the breathing difficulties. Patients in the late stages of heart failure often experience persistent edema, and conventional diuretics are not effective. Patients may also exhibit restlessness, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, reduced urine output, and other symptoms. Additionally, low blood pressure can be observed on cardiac monitoring, among other findings.

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Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
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Treatment methods for chronic heart failure

The treatment of heart failure mainly includes the following points. The first major category is etiological treatment, where we should actively manage all common diseases that may impair cardiac function, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, etc. The second category is to eliminate the factors that lead to heart failure, such as infections, especially respiratory infections. The third major category is for patients to pay attention to rest, control physical activity, avoid emotional excitement, and control sodium intake to reduce blood volume. The fourth category is drug therapy, which commonly includes the use of diuretics, ACE inhibitors, positive inotropic drugs, and β-blockers in clinical practice. (Medication should be administered under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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How to check for heart failure?

Heart failure is a relatively common cardiac disease in our daily lives, and patients often exhibit symptoms such as shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and fatigue. So, how should heart failure be diagnosed? Generally, the following are common tests: First, an echocardiogram. An echocardiogram is a very practical and non-invasive test that can determine the presence of heart valve diseases, cardiomyopathy, and other conditions, as well as assess the heart's pumping function; Second, blood tests. For example, blood tests for electrolytes and BNP, or brain natriuretic peptide, can determine the presence of heart failure; Third, chest CT or X-rays. These can identify manifestations of pulmonary congestion caused by heart failure.

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Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
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The basic etiology of chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure is one of the most common complications of various organic heart diseases, and there are many causes of chronic heart failure. The main reason is due to primary diseases that have not been effectively treated. Long-term myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, excessive fatigue, emotional excitement, overeating, too full, constipation, and other reasons increase the cardiac burden, leading to chronic heart failure. People with organic heart disease must treat the primary disease under the guidance of a doctor. At the same time, pay attention to rest, avoid emotional excitement, eat easily digestible food, maintain a low-salt, low-fat diet, and ensure smooth bowel movements to prevent increasing the cardiac burden and causing heart failure.

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Written by Zhou Yan
Geriatrics
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Causes of acute heart failure

Acute heart failure refers to the acute onset of heart failure or an exacerbated clinical syndrome, which can present as either newly developed acute or acute decompensation of chronic heart failure. Clinically, it is commonly divided into two main categories. One category is acute left heart failure, often caused by acute decompensation of chronic heart failure, or by acute coronary syndrome, hypertensive emergencies, acute cardiac valvular dysfunction, severe myocarditis, serious arrhythmias, and peripartum cardiomyopathy. The other category is acute right heart failure, which can be caused by right ventricular infarction, acute large pulmonary embolism, and right-sided valvular heart disease.