How long does acute nephritis require hospitalization?

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 02, 2024
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Generally speaking, regardless of the disease, the condition is often stable when patients are discharged from the hospital, including the management of acute nephritis. The length of hospital stay for patients with acute nephritis depends on the individual condition of the patient. If the condition of acute nephritis is mild and the patient does not have obvious symptoms, such as mild proteinuria and hematuria, such patients may be hospitalized for about a week. After assessing the condition and predicting gradual improvement, the patient can be discharged. However, if acute nephritis causes some serious complications and the patient's condition is unstable, such as leading to congestive heart failure, some patients may also develop acute renal failure and severe consequences like lung infections. Before these complications are controlled and stabilized, the patient cannot be discharged, and the hospital stay may even exceed one month.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Is acute nephritis contagious?

Acute nephritis is not contagious. Acute nephritis generally occurs after a patient has a bacterial inflammation of the respiratory tract, such as infections by streptococcus, staphylococcus, and other bacteria affecting the respiratory tract, urinary tract, digestive tract, or skin. This leads to a secondary inflammatory response. These inflammatory immune complexes travel through the bloodstream to the kidneys, causing an inflammatory reaction within the organ. It could also be due to the deposition of immune complexes within the glomeruli, leading to glomerular damage. This disease itself is not contagious. Although these bacteria exist as triggers, they typically do not have the capability to infect other patients. Moreover, even if they were to infect others, it would not necessarily lead to nephritis.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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How long should one with acute nephritis stay in bed for rest?

After the onset of acute nephritis, patients should rest in bed for 2-3 weeks until gross hematuria disappears, blood pressure returns to normal, and edema subsides. If the patient's condition is severe, with complications such as high blood pressure, noticeable edema, and significant hematuria, then bed rest should be extended to 4-6 weeks. Bed rest can increase renal blood flow and improve kidney function, which is beneficial for enhancing treatment effectiveness. Gradually, indoor activity can be increased. If the condition does not worsen after 1-2 weeks, the patient may begin outdoor activities. Patients with mild residual proteinuria and microscopic hematuria should be followed up and closely observed without the need for indefinite bed rest. If urine changes worsen again after activity, further bed rest is necessary. For students who develop acute nephritis, it is advisable to take a break from school to ensure enough rest time for recovery.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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Acute Nephritis Pathological Characteristics

The pathological features of acute nephritis include enlarged kidneys, and under the light microscope, there is diffuse proliferation of glomeruli, capillary endothelial cells, and mesangial cells. During the acute phase, there can be infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. In severe cases, constriction or occlusion of the capillary loops occurs, and the renal interstitium has edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Under immunofluorescence, there are deposits of IgG and C3 appearing as granular deposits along the glomerular capillary walls and mesangial areas. Under electron microscopy, there are hump-shaped electron-dense deposits beneath the glomerular epithelium. Acute nephritis is commonly seen in children, characterized by a sudden onset and symptoms such as hematuria, increased urinary protein, edema, and elevated blood pressure, even transient renal function decline may occur.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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How long does hematuria last in acute nephritis?

The condition of acute nephritis is generally quite severe. Patients may experience hematuria and proteinuria, with diffuse cellular proliferation in the glomeruli. However, this disease is self-limiting, and the condition can heal on its own. It is important to control the causes of acute nephritis and the complications it may cause to help patients overcome the difficulties. Afterward, the patients' hematuria and proteinuria could potentially disappear. Generally, it takes about 3 to 4 weeks for the urinalysis to turn negative, and some patients may even take up to six months to recover. If recovery takes more than six months, it is possible that the patient's acute nephritis has become chronic nephritis.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
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Is acute nephritis serious?

Acute nephritis is commonly seen in children, predominantly affecting male children. Often before the onset, there's a history of upper respiratory tract infection or skin infection. One to three weeks after these infections, patients may develop hematuria, swelling of the eyelids and lower extremities, and increased urinary protein. The severity of acute glomerulonephritis can vary; patients with milder forms of acute glomerulonephritis can be cured through appropriate treatment and standardized medication. However, if acute glomerulonephritis is not detected timely and treated properly, it can lead to severe complications, including uremia, heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, and other clinical manifestations. Therefore, acute nephritis must be taken seriously to avoid severe complications. Of course, with proper treatment, most patients with acute nephritis can fully recover and have a good prognosis.