How long does hematuria last in acute nephritis?

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 14, 2024
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The condition of acute nephritis is generally quite severe. Patients may experience hematuria and proteinuria, with diffuse cellular proliferation in the glomeruli. However, this disease is self-limiting, and the condition can heal on its own. It is important to control the causes of acute nephritis and the complications it may cause to help patients overcome the difficulties. Afterward, the patients' hematuria and proteinuria could potentially disappear. Generally, it takes about 3 to 4 weeks for the urinalysis to turn negative, and some patients may even take up to six months to recover. If recovery takes more than six months, it is possible that the patient's acute nephritis has become chronic nephritis.

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Symptoms of Acute Nephritis

Acute nephritis may present with some clinical symptoms. The main characteristics are that patients may have hematuria and proteinuria. When there is a significant amount of blood in the urine, it can be detected by the naked eye, known as gross hematuria. For instance, the color of the patient's urine could be dark like strong tea or bright red. Patients might also experience increased urine foam due to the presence of proteins in the urine, especially in cases where there is a significant presence of urinary proteins. A minority of patients may experience acute renal failure, often characterized by reduced urine output, or even anuria. Due to the reduced urine output, the water intake of patients cannot be fully excreted, leading to edema. Patients may experience swelling of the facial and bilateral lower limbs or even the whole body.

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How many days does the fever last in acute nephritis?

Generally speaking, acute nephritis itself does not cause fever symptoms in patients. Acute nephritis can cause visible hematuria and an increase in foamy urine. Some patients may also experience a reduction in urine output, severe edema, kidney failure, and other clinical symptoms. However, fever is not a common symptom caused by acute nephritis itself. If such patients develop a fever, it may be due to lung or gastrointestinal infections caused by acute nephritis, as patients with acute nephritis have lowered immune capabilities and are often prone to bacterial infections in other parts of the body, such as coughing and sputum production. In such cases, the patient might have lung inflammation and would require antibiotic treatment to kill the bacteria. Generally, most patients' conditions can be controlled after 10 to 14 days.

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Symptoms of acute nephritis recurrence

When acute nephritis recurs, patients may experience a series of symptoms similar to those at the onset of the disease. Patients may present with hematuria, including visible hematuria in some cases. Due to the presence of a significant amount of protein in the urine, patients may develop edema in parts like the lower limbs and eyelids, and in severe cases, edema can become generalized. The presence of protein in urine also leads to increased urine foam. Some patients may experience acute renal failure, a dramatic decrease in urine output, and gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting. Patients may also develop hypertension and heart failure, among other conditions.

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Principles of Acute Nephritis Treatment

The treatment of acute nephritis mainly involves managing the complications of acute nephritis, because acute nephritis itself can potentially heal automatically. The inflammatory reaction in the glomeruli can naturally subside, and proteinuria can decrease, kidney function can recover. However, acute nephritis may cause some complications that could be life-threatening to the patient. Therefore, treatment should focus on these complications to help the patient overcome difficulties, and then wait for the acute nephritis to heal automatically. Common complications mainly include heart failure, high blood pressure, pulmonary infections, etc. Thus, if a patient experiences heart failure, diuretics or even dialysis may be needed, and if an infection occurs, a full course of antibiotics is necessary for anti-inflammatory treatment.

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Does acute nephritis cause fever?

Acute nephritis is actually a sterile inflammation, with significant proliferation of cells within the glomeruli, primarily related to immune dysfunction. Therefore, from this perspective, acute nephritis does not show symptoms of fever. However, due to the inflammatory response within the glomeruli causing acute nephritis, patients may experience renal failure. In the state of renal failure, the patient's immune capability further decreases, which could lead to complications from infections, with respiratory infections being the most common, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and acute tonsillitis. These inflammations may cause fever, but this fever is not a direct result of the acute nephritis itself.