How is Hodgkin's lymphoma treated?

Written by Liu Liang

Oncology

Updated on December 12, 2024

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The treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma is based on various factors including the stage of the disease as well as the general condition of the patient, among other comprehensive considerations. For patients with early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma, commonly referred to as localized Hodgkin's lymphoma, the treatment principle is a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A rational comprehensive treatment can achieve a five-year survival rate of 80% to 90%. For advanced-stage patients, such as those with stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma, the treatment primarily consists of systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, the choice of a specific treatment plan must also consider a variety of factors based on the patient's overall condition.

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The difference between lymphoma and lymphatic cancer

Cancer, commonly referred to as malignant tumors in everyday language, is generally known to the public simply as cancer—for example, lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, etc. It specifically refers to malignant tumors that occur in epithelial tissue, which we call cancer. Lymphoma, on the other hand, refers to malignant tumors that occur in lymph nodes, or in extranodal organs or tissues, which we call lymphoma. There are also malignant tumors that occur in mesenchymal tissue, known as sarcomas. In fact, lymphoma is also a type of malignant tumor, so people commonly refer to it as lymphatic cancer. Therefore, lymphoma and lymphatic cancer are essentially the same disease, with lymphatic cancer specifically referring to lymphoma.

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Are all lymphomas malignant?

Tumors can be benign or malignant; malignant tumors are commonly referred to as cancer. Lymphoma, because it originates from lymph nodes or tissues or organs outside the lymph nodes, is a type of malignant tumor, and thus it is called lymphoma. All lymphomas are malignant; there are no benign lymphomas. However, based on specific pathological types, lymphomas are classified into two main categories: non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, but all lymphomas are malignant.

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What is lymphoma Ki-67?

Lymphoma Ki67, also known as the proliferation index, is one of the indicators in immunohistochemistry performed after the pathological diagnosis of lymphoma. If this proliferation index is higher, it indicates that the activity of the tumor is stronger, and its proliferation is more active, thus the tumor should be given sufficient attention. Of course, active treatment should be pursued. Therefore, Ki67 reflects the activity of a tumor; if the index is very high, greater than 90%, it sometimes implies that the tumor can grow very rapidly, or not only grows significantly but might also spread to many places.

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What to check for malignant lymphoma?

The examination of lymphoma first requires routine blood tests and blood smears. When aggressive lymphoma invades the bone marrow, anemia, decreased white blood cells, and platelets may occur, and lymphoma cells can appear in peripheral blood; therefore, bone marrow smears and biopsies are necessary. Additionally, blood biochemistry is important, as an increase in lactate dehydrogenase is associated with tumor burden and is an indicator of poor prognosis. Furthermore, Hodgkin's lymphoma may involve the central nervous system, so patients with symptoms of central nervous system involvement need to undergo cerebrospinal fluid examination. The most important aspect of lymphoma is the histopathological examination. Based on the histopathological examination, the pathological staging is determined, and genetic rearrangement can also be performed.

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Which department do you go to for lymphoma?

If a lump is found on the neck and lymphoma is suspected, the first step is to consult with the head and neck surgery department. The lymphoma lesion will be surgically removed by the department, and then sent for a pathological examination. If lymphoma is confirmed, the next steps involve treatment by the oncology department, hematology department, or radiation therapy department.