What is a cerebral infarction?

Written by Gao Yi Shen
Neurosurgery
Updated on September 08, 2024
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Cerebral infarction is essentially a manifestation of ischemic necrosis of nerve cells. However, in clinical practice, there are many factors that can cause cerebral infarction. It is essential to treat the underlying causes to effectively prevent the further occurrence and progression of cerebral infarction. One characteristic of nerve cells is that once necrosis occurs, they cannot regenerate. Consequently, all patients who suffer from cerebral infarction may have some residual neurological deficits. Mild symptoms include headaches and dizziness, while severe cases may experience numbness and weakness in the limbs, speech impairments, and even more severe conditions such as a vegetative state or death. Therefore, in the case of cerebral infarction, it is crucial to focus on prevention early on to reduce the extent of necrosis. This can effectively ensure one's safety and reduce the occurrence of various complications and sequelae.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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What department should I go to for a cerebral infarction?

When a patient suffers a stroke, it is advised to promptly visit a local hospital and consult a neurologist to assess the condition. Often, when an acute stroke occurs, treatment can be administered through thrombolysis. If the window for thrombolytic therapy is missed, conservative pharmacological treatment is recommended. Clinically, it is generally recommended to treat patients with medications that enhance brain function, promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and nourish the nerves. Patients’ vital signs should be closely monitored, and dynamic reassessment through head CT or MRI should be conducted to observe changes in the patient's condition. In cases of extensive stroke, it may be necessary to transfer the patient to neurosurgery for decompressive craniectomy surgery.

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Written by Gao Yi Shen
Neurosurgery
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Can cerebral infarction be cured completely?

Stroke is not a disease that can be completely cured. Instead, the goal of treatment is to prevent further occurrences and developments of stroke, and there is also the potential for some relative improvement later on. This is considered a very good treatment goal. In the case of stroke, it involves the ischemic necrosis of nerve cells. Additionally, nerve cells have a characteristic that once they die, they cannot regenerate. Therefore, in clinical practice, there are no treatments available that can promote the regeneration of nerves. Treatment can only compensate for the functions of the surrounding healthy nerves to take over the functions of the dead nerves. However, this compensatory process is very slow, often taking two to three months to show significant progress. Hence, it is necessary to continue active rehabilitation exercises later to promote the formation of this compensatory mechanism.

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Written by Gao Yi Shen
Neurosurgery
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Can the blood vessels in a cerebral infarction be unblocked?

Whether the blood vessels in a cerebral infarction can be reopened is closely related to time. If it is within the hyperacute phase, which means within six hours from the onset of clinical symptoms to hospital admission, the majority of cases can undergo thrombolysis intravenously, or arterial thrombectomy to reopen the blood vessels. However, if the time exceeds this window, reopening is no longer feasible, and forced reopening at this stage can easily lead to the detachment of distal thrombi or cause reperfusion injury, which is more detrimental to the patient's condition. Therefore, it is impossible to reopen the blood vessels during the chronic phase or non-hyperacute phase. If treatment of this vascular occlusion is desired, vascular anastomosis can be considered, though the specific type of anastomosis surgery depends on the patient's specific condition at the time. Thus, the possibility of reopening a blood vessel in a cerebral infarction certainly depends on timing.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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What location is used for moxibustion in the treatment of cerebral infarction?

For patients with cerebral infarction, it is usually recommended during the acute phase to conduct a cranial MRI to determine the location and severity of the stroke and to decide the next treatment plan. If surgery is indicated, treatment can be administered through intravenous thrombolysis. If surgery is not indicated, or the optimal treatment time has been missed, it is recommended that the patient be hospitalized for treatment. During the acute phase, medications that invigorate the brain and improve blood circulation while nourishing the nerves are administered, and it is important to monitor any changes in the patient's condition. The effectiveness of moxibustion in treating cerebral infarction is generally moderate. During the recovery phase, patients can try moxibustion, but it is generally advised to seek treatment under the guidance of a Traditional Chinese Medicine physician at a reputable tertiary hospital.

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Written by Guo Zhi Fei
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Is a brain infarction dangerous?

The risk associated with a cerebral infarction primarily depends on the extent and location of the infarction. If the infarction is small and located in less critical areas of brain function such as the frontal or temporal lobes, the symptoms may not be severe and might only include dizziness and sleepiness. If the infarction is extensive and occurs in crucial areas such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem, the symptoms can be very severe. This could potentially lead to hemiplegia, aphasia, and even coma or death.