What indicators are used to diagnose anemia?

Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 08, 2024
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To determine if someone is anemic, we should look at the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level in a complete blood count. Currently, hemoglobin level is the commonly used indicator clinically. Normal hemoglobin levels are 110~150g/L for women and 120~160g/L for men. Anemia is diagnosed when the hemoglobin level falls below the normal range. Based on the amount of hemoglobin, anemia can be classified into very severe, severe, moderate, or mild. Hemoglobin levels above 90g/L indicate mild anemia, levels between 60~90g/L indicate moderate anemia, levels between 30~60g/L indicate severe anemia, and levels below 30g/L indicate very severe anemia.

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Symptoms of low blood pressure and anemia

Main clinical symptoms of low blood pressure and anemia: general fatigue, pale complexion, heart palpitations and shortness of breath, cerebral ischemia causing dizziness and vertigo, insomnia and frequent dreams; some patients may also experience loss of appetite, indigestion, and other symptoms. Low blood pressure and anemia are not the same disease, and their clinical treatments differ. Low blood pressure is caused by excessively low blood pressure leading to ischemia above the brain, and the treatment should aim to increase blood volume and elevate blood pressure. Anemia is caused by a reduction in hemoglobin, leading to ischemia and hypoxia in the body, and treatment should involve supplementation of nutrients and the essential trace elements that are lacking, which should be treated seriously.

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Baby's anemia symptoms

The clinical manifestations of anemia in children mainly appear in the following aspects: Pale skin and mucous membranes, such as pale complexion, conjunctivae, or nails, and in more severe cases, the skin may appear waxen yellow. Anemia also affects bodily systems, leading to increased respiration and heart rate, and impacting digestive functions, evident in reduced appetite, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, there may be abdominal bloating and constipation. Additionally, there may be poor tongue coating, with some instances of glossitis and atrophy of the tongue papillae. Furthermore, there are manifestations related to mental and neurological aspects, such as poor memory and lack of concentration in children. Older children may experience symptoms like dizziness, headaches, and vertigo.

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Symptoms of anemia in late pregnancy

Patients with mild anemia in the late stage of pregnancy may not exhibit any obvious symptoms. However, patients with severe anemia may feel a lack of energy and dizziness throughout the body, and experience symptoms such as palpitations and shortness of breath after doing just a little bit of activity. Additionally, some individuals may experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal bloating and diarrhea. Moreover, those affected may have a reduced appetite. In anemic women, signs on the skin and mucous membranes include pallor, dry skin, and sparse hair. Additionally, the nails may also be fragile and thin, and there is an increased likelihood of developing oral inflammation and similar symptoms.

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Anemia lacks what element

Anemia is not always caused by a deficiency in elements. In cases of iron deficiency anemia, it is due to a lack of iron. Megaloblastic anemia occurs because of a deficiency in folate or vitamin B12. However, clinically, there are many other types of anemia, such as aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemia, etc. The anemia caused by these diseases is not due to a deficiency in elements, but is due to the diseases themselves affecting bone marrow hematopoiesis, leading to anemia. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly diagnose the cause of anemia in order to treat it effectively.

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Symptoms of baby anemia

The earliest symptoms of anemia in infants might include dizziness, fatigue, and tiredness. The most common and notable sign is a pale complexion. The severity of the symptoms depends on the speed and degree of anemia, as well as the body's compensatory abilities. Other possible symptoms include tinnitus, headache, insomnia, frequent dreaming, memory decline, and lack of concentration. Additionally, there can be shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, palpitations, and some might experience digestive issues such as bloating and reduced appetite, among other manifestations.