The etiology of acute appendicitis

Written by Ren Zheng Xin
Gastroenterology
Updated on September 21, 2024
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The main cause of acute appendicitis is due to the narrowing of the appendiceal lumen, which can easily lead to the obstruction of food residues and fecal masses. Following the obstruction, mucosal damage occurs, which leads to secondary infections. Additionally, neglecting regular living habits, such as overeating, excessive fatigue, and frequent heavy drinking can exacerbate or trigger acute appendicitis. Therefore, maintaining regular living habits in daily life, such as having meals at fixed times, reasonable rest and work schedules, balancing work and leisure, and engaging in appropriate outdoor activities, can play a positive role in preventing acute appendicitis.

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Written by Ren Zheng Xin
Gastroenterology
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acute appendicitis symptoms

The symptoms of acute appendicitis typically include abdominal pain at the onset of the condition, which initially occurs around the navel and then localizes to the lower right abdomen, as well as early nausea and vomiting caused by gastric spasms. Patients with more severe inflammation may also exhibit fever. If the inflammation spreads to the peritoneum, there will be tenderness at McBurney's point and rebound tenderness, along with tense abdominal muscles. Based on these symptoms, making a definitive diagnosis of acute appendicitis is not particularly difficult.

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Gastroenterology
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How is acute appendicitis treated?

Acute appendicitis treatment primarily involves surgical methods, where the inflamed, suppurative, or perforated appendix is excised during the procedure, and then the base of the appendix is sutured. Moreover, if there is suppuration, it is necessary to irrigate the peritoneal cavity to prevent intra-abdominal infections. After the surgery, fluid therapy should be administered based on the patient's condition. In cases of perforation or suppuration, antibiotics should be used post-operatively. For simple appendicitis, post-operative fluid replenishment is generally sufficient, and antibiotics are not required. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Which is more serious, acute appendicitis or chronic appendicitis?

The symptoms of acute appendicitis are relatively more severe because acute suppurative appendicititis can cause perforation of the appendiceal lumen. After the perforation, pus can flow into the abdominal cavity causing diffuse peritonitis, leading to abdominal muscle tension, tenderness, and rebound pain. If not treated promptly, it can lead to multiple organ failure. Chronic appendicitis is mostly due to incomplete treatment of acute appendicitis, or chronic latent appendicitis. The symptoms of chronic appendicitis are sometimes mild and the physical signs are not definite. Surgical removal of the appendix should be the first choice for treating acute appendicitis.

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Gastroenterology
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Acute appendicitis complications

The main complications of acute appendicitis include: First, purulent peritonitis, due to the appendix becoming purulent and leading to perforation, pus flows into the abdominal cavity, causing diffuse peritonitis; Second, abdominal abscess, purulent appendicitis that is not treated surgically forms a capsule around the appendix, encapsulating it, and a lump can be felt on the abdominal surface; Third, internal-external fistula, if the abscess around the appendix is not drained in time, it can break through to the intestinal abdominal wall, forming a fistula.

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Written by Ren Zheng Xin
Gastroenterology
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Symptoms of acute appendicitis

The typical symptoms of acute appendicitis include abdominal pain that starts around the upper abdomen or navel area, then localizes to the lower right abdomen. There are also manifestations of gastrointestinal spasms such as nausea and vomiting. Due to inflammation entering the bloodstream, there can be a systemic infection, often accompanied by fever, generally not exceeding 38 degrees Celsius. If there is an appendix perforation and peritonitis, the temperature can exceed 38 degrees. After the appendix becomes suppurative, symptoms can include abdominal muscle rigidity, dental pain, and rebound tenderness.