Can teratomas recur?

Written by Liu Jian Wei

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Updated on January 07, 2025

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Teratomas can recur clinically, but the recurrence rate is relatively low. There are cases of ovarian teratoma recurrence after teratoma excision surgery. For recurrent teratomas after surgery, it is still recommended to undergo surgical removal again. With an increase in the number of surgeries, the probability of teratoma recurrence gradually decreases. It is recommended that patients who have undergone teratoma surgery undergo regular follow-up examinations.

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Is teratoma serious?

Teratomas are one of the most common ovarian tumors in women and are generally benign and not severe. If a teratoma is discovered, regular examinations are necessary. These examinations should assess the endocrine status, as some teratomas have endocrine functions, and also consider the growth rate and specific size of the teratoma. Based on the examination results, it will be decided whether regular follow-up examinations are sufficient or if immediate surgical treatment is needed. Therefore, examinations are very important.

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Can ovarian teratomas become cancerous?

Most ovarian teratomas are a type of benign tumor on the ovaries, but a few may become malignant. Therefore, if an ultrasound suggests an ovarian teratoma and it is relatively small, around two to three centimeters, without any symptoms, we can temporarily observe it. However, the condition is that we should test for tumor markers, such as checking if there are significant increases in CA-125 or AFP, to see if there's a tendency for malignancy. Another condition is that regular follow-up examinations are essential. If there's a sudden increase in size in a short period or a continuous growth, it is advisable to consider surgical treatment, as early surgical intervention tends to have better outcomes.

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Written by Qu Chun Yao

Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Is surgery necessary for ovarian teratoma?

If a color Doppler ultrasound confirms the presence of an ovarian teratoma, surgical treatment is required, as ovarian teratomas can be benign or malignant. Once diagnosed via color Doppler ultrasound, abdominal CT, MRI, or other radiological methods, surgery is necessary. Based on the surgical pathology results, if the teratoma is benign, cystectomy can be performed. If the pathology indicates malignancy, a more extensive surgical procedure and postoperative chemotherapy may be required. During this period, it is important to avoid ovarian cyst torsion and rupture to prevent the necessity of emergency surgery for acute abdomen. Ovarian teratomas cannot disappear naturally, so prompt surgical treatment is essential once diagnosed.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei

Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Is surgery necessary for a teratoma?

Once the presence of a teratoma is considered, surgical treatment is recommended. Surgery serves two purposes: first, to remove ovarian cysts for disease treatment; and second, the removed ovarian cysts require routine postoperative pathology to confirm the diagnosis of ovarian teratoma. Without a pathological diagnosis, it cannot be definitively diagnosed as an ovarian teratoma; the diagnosis must be supported by pathological results.

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Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Can you have intercourse with a teratoma?

When a woman has a teratoma, whether intercourse is advisable depends on the size of the tumor or the woman’s clinical symptoms. For example, if the teratoma is small and usually shows no clinical symptoms, normal intercourse is possible. As the size of the teratoma increases, some women may experience symptoms such as a sensation of heaviness or pain in the lower abdomen accompanied by discomfort in the back. During intercourse, the impact and change in tension could exacerbate these abdominal symptoms. Additionally, frequent changes in position during intercourse might provoke the teratoma, potentially leading to torsion and acute abdominal conditions, such as sudden lower abdominal pain. For these women, intercourse is still possible, but it is important to be gentle and slow when changing positions to avoid inducing these issues.